Diminishing effects of mechanical loading over time during rat Achilles tendon healing

PLoS One. 2020 Dec 14;15(12):e0236681. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236681. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Mechanical loading affects tendon healing and recovery. However, our understanding about how physical loading affects recovery of viscoelastic functions, collagen production and tissue organisation is limited. The objective of this study was to investigate how different magnitudes of loading affects biomechanical and collagen properties of healing Achilles tendons over time. Achilles tendon from female Sprague Dawley rats were cut transversely and divided into two groups; normal loading (control) and reduced loading by Botox (unloading). The rats were sacrificed at 1, 2- and 4-weeks post-injury and mechanical testing (creep test and load to failure), small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and histological analysis were performed. The effect of unloading was primarily seen at the early time points, with inferior mechanical and collagen properties (SAXS), and reduced histological maturation of the tissue in unloaded compared to loaded tendons. However, by 4 weeks no differences remained. SAXS and histology revealed heterogeneous tissue maturation with more mature tissue at the peripheral region compared to the center of the callus. Thus, mechanical loading advances Achilles tendon biomechanical and collagen properties earlier compared to unloaded tendons, and the spatial variation in tissue maturation and collagen organization across the callus suggests important regional (mechano-) biological activities that require more investigation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Achilles Tendon / drug effects
  • Achilles Tendon / physiopathology*
  • Animals
  • Biomechanical Phenomena / drug effects
  • Biomechanical Phenomena / physiology*
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A / physiology
  • Collagen / pharmacology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Scattering, Small Angle
  • Stress, Mechanical
  • Tendon Injuries / drug therapy
  • Tendon Injuries / physiopathology*
  • Wound Healing / drug effects
  • Wound Healing / physiology*
  • X-Ray Diffraction / methods

Substances

  • Collagen
  • Botulinum Toxins, Type A

Grants and funding

The authors would like to thank the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262348 (ESMI, European Soft Matter Infrastructure Network) that enabled beamtime at the cSAXS beamline of the Swiss Light Source at the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland. The authors are grateful for the financial support by the Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship for Career Development (PIEF-GA-2012-626941) (HK) and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Wallenberg Academy Fellows 2017.0221, HI).