Purpose: To systematically examine the efficacy of lower extremity cycling interventions for youth with intellectual disability (ID).
Methods: Seven databases were searched from March 2000 to October 2019 for English-language articles on cycling interventions for youth with ID. The American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine guidelines were used for assigning levels of evidence and grading study quality.
Results: Eight articles met inclusion criteria. Children and young adults, 7-26 years (n = 229), with diagnoses of Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, or unspecified ID participated in the studies. Moderate evidence (one level II single subject design study) suggests that a specific cycling intervention can improve two-wheeled cycling skills in youth with ID. Weak evidence (level II group studies) supports stationary cycling for short-term improvements in cognitive skills and two-wheeled riding intervention for increasing physical activity one-year after intervention.
Conclusions: Moderate to weak evidence exists to support two-wheeled cycling instructional programs or stationary cycling interventions for children and young adults with intellectual disabilities. Therapists can use this information when discussing cycling interventions for individuals with ID. Further research is needed to inform therapists in clinical decision-making related to dosing cycling interventions.
Keywords: Bicycle riding; bicycling; cycling intervention; stationary cycling.