To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

doi:10.1038/s41562-020-01007-2

. 2021 Jan;5(1):159-169.

doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-01007-2. Epub 2021 Jan 4.

To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

Benedict C Jones^#¹, Lisa M DeBruine^#², Jessica K Flake^#³, Marco Tullio Liuzza⁴, Jan Antfolk⁵, Nwadiogo C Arinze⁶, Izuchukwu L G Ndukaihe⁶, Nicholas G Bloxsom⁷, Savannah C Lewis⁷, Francesco Foroni⁸, Megan L Willis⁸, Carmelo P Cubillas⁹, Miguel A Vadillo⁹, Enrique Turiegano¹⁰, Michael Gilead¹¹, Almog Simchon¹¹, S Adil Saribay¹², Nicholas C Owsley¹³, Chaning Jang¹³, Georgina Mburu¹³, Dustin P Calvillo¹⁴, Anna Wlodarczyk¹⁵, Yue Qi¹⁶, Kris Ariyabuddhiphongs¹⁷, Somboon Jarukasemthawee¹⁷, Harry Manley¹⁷, Panita Suavansri¹⁷, Nattasuda Taephant¹⁷, Ryan M Stolier¹⁸, Thomas R Evans¹⁹, Judson Bonick²⁰, Jan W Lindemans²⁰, Logan F Ashworth²¹, Amanda C Hahn²¹, Coralie Chevallier²², Aycan Kapucu²³, Aslan Karaaslan²³, Juan David Leongómez²⁴, Oscar R Sánchez²⁴, Eugenio Valderrama²⁴, Milena Vásquez-Amézquita²⁴, Nandor Hajdu^{25

26}, Balazs Aczel²⁶, Peter Szecsi²⁶, Michael Andreychik²⁷, Erica D Musser²⁸, Carlota Batres²⁹, Chuan-Peng Hu³⁰, Qing-Lan Liu³¹, Nicole Legate³², Leigh Ann Vaughn³³, Krystian Barzykowski³⁴, Karolina Golik³⁴, Irina Schmid³⁵, Stefan Stieger³⁵, Richard Artner³⁶, Chiel Mues³⁶, Wolf Vanpaemel³⁷, Zhongqing Jiang³⁸, Qi Wu³⁸, Gabriela M Marcu³⁹, Ian D Stephen⁴⁰, Jackson G Lu⁴¹, Michael C Philipp⁴², Jack D Arnal⁴³, Eric Hehman³, Sally Y Xie³, William J Chopik⁴⁴, Martin Seehuus⁴⁵, Soufian Azouaghe^{46

47}, Abdelkarim Belhaj⁴⁶, Jamal Elouafa⁴⁶, John P Wilson⁴⁸, Elliott Kruse⁴⁹, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou⁵⁰, Anabel De La Rosa-Gómez⁵¹, Alan E Barba-Sánchez⁵¹, Isaac González-Santoyo⁵², Tsuyueh Hsu⁵³, Chun-Chia Kung⁵³, Hsiao-Hsin Wang⁵³, Jonathan B Freeman⁵⁴, Dong Won Oh⁵⁵, Vidar Schei⁵⁶, Therese E Sverdrup⁵⁶, Carmel A Levitan⁵⁷, Corey L Cook⁵⁸, Priyanka Chandel⁵⁹, Pratibha Kujur⁵⁹, Arti Parganiha⁵⁹, Noorshama Parveen⁵⁹, Atanu Kumar Pati⁵⁹, Sraddha Pradhan⁵⁹, Margaret M Singh⁵⁹, Babita Pande⁶⁰, Jozef Bavolar⁶¹, Pavol Kačmár⁶¹, Ilya Zakharov⁶², Sara Álvarez-Solas⁶³, Ernest Baskin⁶⁴, Martin Thirkettle⁶⁵, Kathleen Schmidt⁶⁶, Cody D Christopherson⁶⁷, Trinity Leonis⁶⁷, Jordan W Suchow⁶⁸, Jonas K Olofsson⁶⁹, Teodor Jernsäther⁶⁹, Ai-Suan Lee⁷⁰, Jennifer L Beaudry⁷¹, Taylor D Gogan⁷¹, Julian A Oldmeadow⁷¹, Benjamin Balas⁷², Laura M Stevens⁷³, Melissa F Colloff⁷³, Heather D Flowe⁷³, Sami Gülgöz⁷⁴, Mark J Brandt⁷⁵, Karlijn Hoyer⁷⁵, Bastian Jaeger⁷⁵, Dongning Ren⁷⁵, Willem W A Sleegers⁷⁵, Joeri Wissink⁷⁵, Gwenaël Kaminski⁷⁶, Victoria A Floerke⁷⁷, Heather L Urry⁷⁷, Sau-Chin Chen⁷⁸, Gerit Pfuhl⁷⁹, Zahir Vally⁸⁰, Dana M Basnight-Brown⁸¹, Hans I Jzerman⁴⁷, Elisa Sarda⁴⁷, Lison Neyroud⁸², Touhami Badidi⁸³, Nicolas Van der Linden⁸⁴, Chrystalle B Y Tan⁸⁵, Vanja Kovic⁸⁶, Waldir Sampaio⁸⁷, Paulo Ferreira⁸⁸, Diana Santos⁸⁸, Debora I Burin⁸⁹, Gwendolyn Gardiner⁹⁰, John Protzko⁹¹, Christoph Schild⁹², Karolina A Ścigała⁹², Ingo Zettler⁹², Erin M O'Mara Kunz⁹³, Daniel Storage⁹⁴, Fieke M A Wagemans⁹⁵, Blair Saunders⁹⁶, Miroslav Sirota⁹⁷, Guyan V Sloane⁹⁷, Tiago J S Lima⁹⁸, Kim Uittenhove⁹⁹, Evie Vergauwe⁹⁹, Katarzyna Jaworska², Julia Stern¹⁰⁰, Karl Ask¹⁰¹, Casper J J van Zyl¹⁰², Anita Körner¹⁰³, Sophia C Weissgerber¹⁰³, Jordane Boudesseul¹⁰⁴, Fernando Ruiz-Dodobara¹⁰⁴, Kay L Ritchie¹⁰⁵, Nicholas M Michalak¹⁰⁶, Khandis R Blake^{107

108}, David White¹⁰⁷, Alasdair R Gordon-Finlayson¹⁰⁹, Michele Anne¹¹⁰, Steve M J Janssen¹¹⁰, Kean Mun Lee¹¹⁰, Tonje K Nielsen¹¹¹, Christian K Tamnes¹¹¹, Janis H Zickfeld¹¹², Anna Dalla Rosa¹¹³, Michelangelo Vianello¹¹³, Ferenc Kocsor¹¹⁴, Luca Kozma¹¹⁴, Ádám Putz¹¹⁴, Patrizio Tressoldi¹¹⁵, Natalia Irrazabal¹¹⁶, Armand Chatard¹¹⁷, Samuel Lins¹¹⁸, Isabel R Pinto¹¹⁸, Johannes Lutz¹¹⁹, Matus Adamkovic¹²⁰, Peter Babincak¹²⁰, Gabriel Baník¹²⁰, Ivan Ropovik^{121

122}, Vinet Coetzee¹²³, Barnaby J W Dixson¹²⁴, Gianni Ribeiro¹²⁴, Kim Peters¹²⁴, Niklas K Steffens¹²⁴, Kok Wei Tan¹²⁵, Christopher A Thorstenson¹²⁶, Ana Maria Fernandez¹²⁷, Rafael M C S Hsu¹²⁸, Jaroslava V Valentova¹²⁸, Marco A C Varella¹²⁸, Nadia S Corral-Frías¹²⁹, Martha Frías-Armenta¹²⁹, Javad Hatami¹³⁰, Arash Monajem¹³⁰, MohammadHasan Sharifian¹³⁰, Brooke Frohlich¹³¹, Hause Lin¹³², Michael Inzlicht¹³², Ravin Alaei¹³², Nicholas O Rule¹³², Claus Lamm¹³³, Ekaterina Pronizius¹³³, Martin Voracek¹³³, Jerome Olsen¹³⁴, Erik Mac Giolla¹³⁵, Aysegul Akgoz¹³⁶, Asil A Özdoğru¹³⁶, Matthew T Crawford¹³⁷, Brooke Bennett-Day¹³⁸, Monica A Koehn¹³⁹, Ceylan Okan¹⁴⁰, Tripat Gill¹⁴¹, Jeremy K Miller¹⁴², Yarrow Dunham¹⁴³, Xin Yang¹⁴³, Sinan Alper¹⁴⁴, Martha Lucia Borras-Guevara¹⁴⁵, Sun Jun Cai¹⁴⁶, Dong Tiantian¹⁴⁶, Alexander F Danvers¹⁴⁷, David R Feinberg¹⁴⁸, Marie M Armstrong¹⁴⁸, Eva Gilboa-Schechtman¹⁴⁹, Randy J McCarthy¹⁵⁰, Jose Antonio Muñoz-Reyes¹⁵¹, Pablo Polo¹⁵¹, Victor K M Shiramazu¹⁵², Wen-Jing Yan¹⁵³, Lilian Carvalho¹⁵⁴, Patrick S Forscher⁸², Christopher R Chartier⁷, Nicholas A Coles¹⁵⁵

Affiliations

¹ School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. psysciacc.001@gmail.com.
² Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
³ Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
⁴ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
⁵ Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
⁶ Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria.
⁷ Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Danville, CA, USA.
⁸ School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁹ Department of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁰ Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
¹² Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, Beşiktaş, Turkey.
¹³ Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Nairobi, Kenya.
¹⁴ Psychology Department, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA.
¹⁵ School of Psychology, Catholic University of the North, Antofagasta, Chile.
¹⁶ Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
¹⁷ Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
¹⁸ Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁹ School of Psychological, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
²⁰ Center for Advanced Hindsight, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
²¹ Department of Psychology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA.
²² Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Département d'Études Cognitives, INSERM U960, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
²³ Psychology Department, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
²⁴ Faculty of Psychology, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
²⁵ Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
²⁶ Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
²⁷ Department of Psychology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA.
²⁸ Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
²⁹ Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA.
³⁰ Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany.
³¹ Department of Psychology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
³² Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
³³ Department of Psychology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA.
³⁴ Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
³⁵ Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
³⁶ Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
³⁷ Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
³⁸ Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
³⁹ Department of Psychology, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania.
⁴⁰ Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴¹ Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁴² School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
⁴³ Psychology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, CO, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
⁴⁵ Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Psychology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
⁴⁷ LIP/PC2S, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
⁴⁸ Psychology Department, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.
⁴⁹ EGADE Business School, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Monterrey, Mexico.
⁵⁰ School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁵¹ School of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁵² Department of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁵³ Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
⁵⁴ Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁵ Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁶ Department of Strategy and Management, Norwegian School of Economics (NHH), Bergen, Norway.
⁵⁷ Department of Cognitive Science, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁵⁸ Department of Psychology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA, USA.
⁵⁹ School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India.
⁶⁰ Center for Basic Sciences, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India.
⁶¹ Department of Psychology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia.
⁶² Developmental Behavioral Genetics Lab, Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia.
⁶³ Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
⁶⁴ Department of Food Marketing, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁶⁵ Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
⁶⁶ School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
⁶⁷ Psychology Department, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR, USA.
⁶⁸ School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
⁶⁹ Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁷⁰ Department of Psychology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
⁷¹ Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁷² Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
⁷³ School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
⁷⁴ Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁷⁵ Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
⁷⁶ CLLE, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France.
⁷⁷ Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
⁷⁸ Department of Human Development and Psychology, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
⁷⁹ Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
⁸⁰ Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
⁸¹ United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁸² Department of Psychology, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
⁸³ Department of Psychology, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
⁸⁴ Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
⁸⁵ Department of Community and Family Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
⁸⁶ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
⁸⁷ Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁸⁸ Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil.
⁸⁹ Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁹⁰ Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
⁹¹ Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
⁹² Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁹³ Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
⁹⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
⁹⁵ Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
⁹⁶ School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
⁹⁷ Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
⁹⁸ Department of Social and Work Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
⁹⁹ Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
¹⁰¹ Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
¹⁰² Department of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁰³ Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
¹⁰⁴ Institute of Scientific Research, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lima, Lima, Peru.
¹⁰⁵ School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
¹⁰⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
¹⁰⁷ Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁰⁸ Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁰⁹ Faculty of Health, Education and Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK.
¹¹⁰ School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia.
¹¹¹ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹¹² Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
¹¹³ Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
¹¹⁴ Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
¹¹⁵ Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
¹¹⁶ Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹¹⁷ Psychology Department, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
¹¹⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
¹¹⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
¹²⁰ Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia.
¹²¹ Faculty of Education, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia.
¹²² Institute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
¹²³ Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
¹²⁴ School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
¹²⁵ School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
¹²⁶ Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
¹²⁷ School of Psychology, University of Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile.
¹²⁸ Institute of Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹²⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico.
¹³⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
¹³¹ Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.
¹³² Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
¹³³ Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹³⁴ Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education and Economy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹³⁵ Department of Behavioral Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
¹³⁶ Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
¹³⁷ School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
¹³⁸ Department of Psychology, Wesleyan College, Middletown, CT, USA.
¹³⁹ Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
¹⁴⁰ School of Social Science and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁴¹ Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁴² Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA.
¹⁴³ Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁴⁴ Department of Psychology, Yasar University, Izmir, Turkey.
¹⁴⁵ University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.
¹⁴⁶ Qufu Normal University, Jining, China.
¹⁴⁷ University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
¹⁴⁸ Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁴⁹ Bar-Ilan University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
¹⁵⁰ Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
¹⁵¹ Playa Ancha University of Educational Sciences, Valparaiso, Chile.
¹⁵² Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
¹⁵³ Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
¹⁵⁴ FGV/EAESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁵⁵ Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 33398150
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-01007-2

Free article

To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

Benedict C Jones et al. Nat Hum Behav. 2021 Jan.

Free article

. 2021 Jan;5(1):159-169.

doi: 10.1038/s41562-020-01007-2. Epub 2021 Jan 4.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. psysciacc.001@gmail.com.
² Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
³ Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
⁴ Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
⁵ Faculty of Arts, Psychology and Theology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
⁶ Department of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria.
⁷ Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Danville, CA, USA.
⁸ School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁹ Department of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
¹⁰ Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
¹¹ Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel.
¹² Department of Psychology, Boğaziçi University, Beşiktaş, Turkey.
¹³ Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Nairobi, Kenya.
¹⁴ Psychology Department, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA.
¹⁵ School of Psychology, Catholic University of the North, Antofagasta, Chile.
¹⁶ Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
¹⁷ Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
¹⁸ Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁹ School of Psychological, Social and Behavioural Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
²⁰ Center for Advanced Hindsight, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
²¹ Department of Psychology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA.
²² Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Département d'Études Cognitives, INSERM U960, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
²³ Psychology Department, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
²⁴ Faculty of Psychology, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
²⁵ Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
²⁶ Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
²⁷ Department of Psychology, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA.
²⁸ Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
²⁹ Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA.
³⁰ Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany.
³¹ Department of Psychology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
³² Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
³³ Department of Psychology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA.
³⁴ Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
³⁵ Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
³⁶ Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
³⁷ Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
³⁸ Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
³⁹ Department of Psychology, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania.
⁴⁰ Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
⁴¹ Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁴² School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
⁴³ Psychology Department, McDaniel College, Westminster, CO, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
⁴⁵ Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, USA.
⁴⁶ Department of Psychology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
⁴⁷ LIP/PC2S, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
⁴⁸ Psychology Department, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA.
⁴⁹ EGADE Business School, Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education, Monterrey, Mexico.
⁵⁰ School of Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁵¹ School of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁵² Department of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁵³ Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
⁵⁴ Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁵ Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
⁵⁶ Department of Strategy and Management, Norwegian School of Economics (NHH), Bergen, Norway.
⁵⁷ Department of Cognitive Science, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
⁵⁸ Department of Psychology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA, USA.
⁵⁹ School of Studies in Life Science, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India.
⁶⁰ Center for Basic Sciences, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India.
⁶¹ Department of Psychology, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia.
⁶² Developmental Behavioral Genetics Lab, Psychological Institute of Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia.
⁶³ Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
⁶⁴ Department of Food Marketing, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁶⁵ Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
⁶⁶ School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
⁶⁷ Psychology Department, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR, USA.
⁶⁸ School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
⁶⁹ Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁷⁰ Department of Psychology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
⁷¹ Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁷² Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
⁷³ School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
⁷⁴ Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁷⁵ Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
⁷⁶ CLLE, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France.
⁷⁷ Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
⁷⁸ Department of Human Development and Psychology, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
⁷⁹ Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
⁸⁰ Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
⁸¹ United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
⁸² Department of Psychology, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.
⁸³ Department of Psychology, Université Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
⁸⁴ Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
⁸⁵ Department of Community and Family Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
⁸⁶ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
⁸⁷ Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁸⁸ Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Brazil.
⁸⁹ Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Psicologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
⁹⁰ Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
⁹¹ Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
⁹² Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁹³ Department of Psychology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA.
⁹⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
⁹⁵ Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
⁹⁶ School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
⁹⁷ Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
⁹⁸ Department of Social and Work Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
⁹⁹ Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
¹⁰⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
¹⁰¹ Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
¹⁰² Department of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
¹⁰³ Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.
¹⁰⁴ Institute of Scientific Research, Faculty of Psychology, University of Lima, Lima, Peru.
¹⁰⁵ School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
¹⁰⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
¹⁰⁷ Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁰⁸ Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
¹⁰⁹ Faculty of Health, Education and Society, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK.
¹¹⁰ School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia.
¹¹¹ Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
¹¹² Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
¹¹³ Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
¹¹⁴ Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
¹¹⁵ Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
¹¹⁶ Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
¹¹⁷ Psychology Department, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
¹¹⁸ Department of Psychology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
¹¹⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
¹²⁰ Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia.
¹²¹ Faculty of Education, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia.
¹²² Institute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
¹²³ Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
¹²⁴ School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
¹²⁵ School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
¹²⁶ Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
¹²⁷ School of Psychology, University of Santiago, Chile, Santiago, Chile.
¹²⁸ Institute of Psychology, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹²⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico.
¹³⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
¹³¹ Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.
¹³² Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
¹³³ Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹³⁴ Department of Applied Psychology: Work, Education and Economy, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹³⁵ Department of Behavioral Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
¹³⁶ Department of Psychology, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
¹³⁷ School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
¹³⁸ Department of Psychology, Wesleyan College, Middletown, CT, USA.
¹³⁹ Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
¹⁴⁰ School of Social Science and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
¹⁴¹ Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁴² Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA.
¹⁴³ Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
¹⁴⁴ Department of Psychology, Yasar University, Izmir, Turkey.
¹⁴⁵ University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.
¹⁴⁶ Qufu Normal University, Jining, China.
¹⁴⁷ University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
¹⁴⁸ Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁴⁹ Bar-Ilan University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
¹⁵⁰ Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
¹⁵¹ Playa Ancha University of Educational Sciences, Valparaiso, Chile.
¹⁵² Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
¹⁵³ Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
¹⁵⁴ FGV/EAESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁵⁵ Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 33398150
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-01007-2

Abstract

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov's valence-dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov's methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov's original analysis strategy, the valence-dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence-dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1 .

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References

1. Olivola, C. Y. & Todorov, A. Elected in 100 milliseconds: appearance-based trait inferences and voting. J. Nonverbal Behav. 34, 83–110 (2010). - DOI
1. Ritchie, K. L., Palermo, R. & Rhodes, G. Forming impressions of facial attractiveness is mandatory. Sci. Rep. 7, 469 (2017). - PubMed - PMC - DOI
1. Willis, J. & Todorov, A. First impressions: making up your mind after 100 ms exposure to a face. Psychol. Sci. 17, 592–598 (2006). - PubMed - DOI
1. Olivola, C. Y., Funk, F. & Todorov, A. Social attributions from faces bias human choices. Trends Cogn. Sci. 18, 566–570 (2014). - PubMed - DOI
1. Todorov, A., Olivola, C. Y., Dotsch, R. & Mende-Siedlecki, P. Social attributions from faces: determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 66, 519–545 (2015). - PubMed - DOI

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[1] Olivola, C. Y. & Todorov, A. Elected in 100 milliseconds: appearance-based trait inferences and voting. J. Nonverbal Behav. 34, 83–110 (2010). - DOI

[2] Olivola, C. Y. & Todorov, A. Elected in 100 milliseconds: appearance-based trait inferences and voting. J. Nonverbal Behav. 34, 83–110 (2010). - DOI

[3] Ritchie, K. L., Palermo, R. & Rhodes, G. Forming impressions of facial attractiveness is mandatory. Sci. Rep. 7, 469 (2017). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

[4] Ritchie, K. L., Palermo, R. & Rhodes, G. Forming impressions of facial attractiveness is mandatory. Sci. Rep. 7, 469 (2017). - PubMed - PMC - DOI

[5] Willis, J. & Todorov, A. First impressions: making up your mind after 100 ms exposure to a face. Psychol. Sci. 17, 592–598 (2006). - PubMed - DOI

[6] Willis, J. & Todorov, A. First impressions: making up your mind after 100 ms exposure to a face. Psychol. Sci. 17, 592–598 (2006). - PubMed - DOI

[7] Olivola, C. Y., Funk, F. & Todorov, A. Social attributions from faces bias human choices. Trends Cogn. Sci. 18, 566–570 (2014). - PubMed - DOI

[8] Olivola, C. Y., Funk, F. & Todorov, A. Social attributions from faces bias human choices. Trends Cogn. Sci. 18, 566–570 (2014). - PubMed - DOI

[9] Todorov, A., Olivola, C. Y., Dotsch, R. & Mende-Siedlecki, P. Social attributions from faces: determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 66, 519–545 (2015). - PubMed - DOI

[10] Todorov, A., Olivola, C. Y., Dotsch, R. & Mende-Siedlecki, P. Social attributions from faces: determinants, consequences, accuracy, and functional significance. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 66, 519–545 (2015). - PubMed - DOI

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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

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To which world regions does the valence-dominance model of social perception apply?

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