1 Reed F. Beall, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in health care policy in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the Cumming School of Medicine and at the O'Brien Institute for Public Health at the University of Calgary. Amity E. Quinn, Ph.D., is a post-doctoral fellow in health economics in the Department of Community Health Sciences at the at the University of Calgary. Aaron S. Kesselheim, M.D., J.D, M.P.H., is a professor of medicine and director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL) at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. At the time of the study, Frazer A. Tessema, B.A., was a research assistant with PORTAL at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Ameet Sarpatwari, Ph.D., J.D., is an assistant professor of medicine and assistant director of PORTAL at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.