Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases in children. There is an unmet need for new objective methods that would facilitate and accelerate the diagnostic process, thus improving the prognosis. In many studies, the participation of microRNA in epileptogenesis has been confirmed. Therefore, it seems to be a promising candidate for this role. Scientists show the possibility of using microRNAs as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic targets. Children with epilepsy would benefit particularly from the use of this innovative method. However, the number of studies related to this age group is very limited. This review is based on 10 studies in children and summarizes the information collected from studies on animal models and the adult population. A total of 136 manuscripts were included in the analysis. The aim of the review was to facilitate the design of studies in children and to draw attention to the challenges and traps related to the analysis of the results. Our review suggests a high potential for the use of microRNAs and the need for further research.
Keywords: biomarker; children; diagnosis; epilepsy; miRNA; microRNA; prognosis.