Biomolecular Condensates and Cancer

Cancer Cell. 2021 Feb 8;39(2):174-192. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.12.003. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Abstract

Malignant transformation is characterized by dysregulation of diverse cellular processes that have been the subject of detailed genetic, biochemical, and structural studies, but only recently has evidence emerged that many of these processes occur in the context of biomolecular condensates. Condensates are membrane-less bodies, often formed by liquid-liquid phase separation, that compartmentalize protein and RNA molecules with related functions. New insights from condensate studies portend a profound transformation in our understanding of cellular dysregulation in cancer. Here we summarize key features of biomolecular condensates, note where they have been implicated-or will likely be implicated-in oncogenesis, describe evidence that the pharmacodynamics of cancer therapeutics can be greatly influenced by condensates, and discuss some of the questions that must be addressed to further advance our understanding and treatment of cancer.

Keywords: biomolecular condensates; cancer; cancer therapeutics; dysregulated state; intrinsically disordered protein; phase separation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Carcinogenesis / genetics
  • Humans
  • Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Proteins / genetics
  • RNA / genetics

Substances

  • Proteins
  • RNA