[Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection complicated by nosocomial infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae: about 4 cases in a Department of Infectious diseases in Mali]

Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Oct 8:37:141. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.141.22716. eCollection 2020.
[Article in French]

Abstract

Nosocomial infections are a real global public health problem. Pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV co-infection increases the incidence of nosocomial infections because of immunosuppression and iterative hospitalizations. We here report four cases of patients aged 28, 36, 42 and 52 years co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis (multifocal tuberculosis in 2 patients, miliary tuberculosis, bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis), all with CD4 < 100 cells/mm3. During the intensive-phase, patients received antitubercular drugs and antiretroviral therapy (ART). They had been admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases at the G-Point University Hospital with productive cough and/or hyperthermia following hospital stay greater than 48 hours. Patients' history revealed that one patient had not been compliant with tuberculosis treatment because of adverse reactions classified as minor. There had been no clinical improvement in the three remaining patients despite their optimal compliance to different treatments. Cytobacteriological examination of sputum and/or testing of the feeding tubes, blood cultures and specific samples allowed to identify multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. The clinical course of these patients was favorable under specific antibiotic therapy. Nosocomial infections may be misinterpreted and associated with poor therapeutic response in patients receiving TB treatment. Cytobacteriological examination of the biological fluids should be systematic in patients co-infected with HIV and tuberculosis and hospitalized for at least 48 hours, in whom pulmonary signs and/or fever persist despite their good compliance to treatment.

Les infections nosocomiales constituent un problème majeur de santé publique dans le monde. La co-infection VIH-Tuberculose pulmonaire augmente la fréquence des infections nosocomiales, du fait de l´immunodépression et des hospitalisations itératives. Nous présentons quatre (04) patients âgés de 28, 36, 42 et 52 ans, co-infectés de VIH et tuberculose, (tuberculose multifocale chez 2, miliaire tuberculeuse, tuberculose bactériologiquement confirmée), tous ayant un taux CD4 < 100 cellules/mm3. Ils étaient à la phase intensive du traitement antituberculeux et sous antirétroviral (ARV). Ils avaient été admis au Service de Maladies Infectieuses du CHU du Point G pour toux productive, et/ou hyperthermie après des séjours antérieurs de plus de 48 heures en milieux hospitaliers. L´anamnèse avait révélé que l´un n´avait pas été observant au traitement antituberculeux du fait des effets indésirables classés mineurs. Il n´y avait pas eu d´amélioration clinique chez les 3 autres malgré une observance optimale aux différents traitements. L´examen cytobactériologique des expectorations et/ou du liquide de tubage gastrique, les hémocultures, prélèvements spécifiques avaient permis d´isoler Klebsiella pneumoniae multirésistante. Sous antibiothérapie spécifique, l´évolution clinique de ces patients avait été favorable. Les infections nosocomiales peuvent faire penser à tort à une mauvaise réponse thérapeutique lors d´un traitement antituberculeux. L´examen cytobactériologique des liquides biologiques doit être systématique chez les patients co-infectés de VIH-tuberculose. Notamment chez ceux ayant eu des séjours hospitaliers d´au moins 48 heures, et chez qui les signes pulmonaires et/ou la fièvre persistent en dépit d´une bonne observance aux traitements.

Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae; Point G University Hospital; Tuberculosis.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / administration & dosage*
  • Anti-HIV Agents / administration & dosage
  • Antitubercular Agents / administration & dosage
  • Coinfection
  • Cross Infection
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / diagnosis
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy
  • HIV Infections / epidemiology*
  • Humans
  • Klebsiella Infections / diagnosis
  • Klebsiella Infections / drug therapy
  • Klebsiella Infections / epidemiology*
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae / isolation & purification
  • Male
  • Mali
  • Middle Aged
  • Tuberculosis / diagnosis
  • Tuberculosis / drug therapy
  • Tuberculosis / epidemiology*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Antitubercular Agents