SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Elicits Cell Signaling in Human Host Cells: Implications for Possible Consequences of COVID-19 Vaccines
- PMID: 33440640
- PMCID: PMC7827936
- DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9010036
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Elicits Cell Signaling in Human Host Cells: Implications for Possible Consequences of COVID-19 Vaccines
Abstract
The world is suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike protein to enter the host cells. Vaccines that introduce the spike protein into our body to elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies are currently being developed. In this article, we note that human host cells sensitively respond to the spike protein to elicit cell signaling. Thus, it is important to be aware that the spike protein produced by the new COVID-19 vaccines may also affect the host cells. We should monitor the long-term consequences of these vaccines carefully, especially when they are administered to otherwise healthy individuals. Further investigations on the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on human cells and appropriate experimental animal models are warranted.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cell signaling; coronavirus; spike protein; vaccine.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
Figures
Similar articles
-
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cell signaling in lung vascular cells.bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2020 Oct 12:2020.10.12.335083. doi: 10.1101/2020.10.12.335083. bioRxiv. 2020. PMID: 33052333 Free PMC article. Updated. Preprint.
-
SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19.Nature. 2020 Nov;587(7833):270-274. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2598-9. Epub 2020 Jul 29. Nature. 2020. PMID: 32726801
-
Neutralizing antibodies mediate virus-immune pathology of COVID-19.Med Hypotheses. 2020 Oct;143:109884. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109884. Epub 2020 May 30. Med Hypotheses. 2020. PMID: 32512289 Free PMC article.
-
[The Challenges of Vaccine Development Against Betacoronaviruses: Antibody Dependent Enhancement and Sendai Virus as a Possible Vaccine Vector].Mol Biol (Mosk). 2020 Nov-Dec;54(6):922-938. doi: 10.31857/S0026898420060154. Mol Biol (Mosk). 2020. PMID: 33276356 Review. Russian.
-
Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12-13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines.Vaccine. 2020 Jun 26;38(31):4783-4791. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.064. Epub 2020 May 25. Vaccine. 2020. PMID: 32507409 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
The Role of Furin in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Associated Neurological Disorders.Life (Basel). 2024 Feb 19;14(2):279. doi: 10.3390/life14020279. Life (Basel). 2024. PMID: 38398788 Free PMC article.
-
Antivirals for Broader Coverage against Human Coronaviruses.Viruses. 2024 Jan 20;16(1):156. doi: 10.3390/v16010156. Viruses. 2024. PMID: 38275966 Free PMC article. Review.
-
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and the Multi-Hit Hypothesis of Oncogenesis.Cureus. 2023 Dec 17;15(12):e50703. doi: 10.7759/cureus.50703. eCollection 2023 Dec. Cureus. 2023. PMID: 38234925 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Computational design and evaluation of mRNA- and protein-based conjugate vaccines for influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2023 Nov 15;21(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s43141-023-00574-x. J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2023. PMID: 37966525 Free PMC article.
-
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike Protein S1 Induces Methylglyoxal-Derived Hydroimidazolone/Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (MG-H1/RAGE) Activation to Promote Inflammation in Human Bronchial BEAS-2B Cells.Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 3;24(19):14868. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914868. Int J Mol Sci. 2023. PMID: 37834316 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Wu C., Chen X., Cai Y., Xia J., Zhou X., Xu S., Huang H., Zhang L., Zhou X., Du C., et al. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern. Med. 2020:e200994. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
-
- Tai W., He L., Zhang X., Pu J., Voronin D., Jiang S., Zhou Y., Du L. Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2020;17:613–620. doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-0400-4. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Publication types
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Miscellaneous
