Study on the real-world emissions of rural vehicles on different road types

Shihai Zhang; Di Peng; Yi Li; Lei Zu; Mingliang Fu; Hang Yin; Yan Ding

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116453

Study on the real-world emissions of rural vehicles on different road types

Environ Pollut. 2021 Jan 8:273:116453. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116453. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Shihai Zhang¹, Di Peng¹, Yi Li¹, Lei Zu¹, Mingliang Fu², Hang Yin¹, Yan Ding¹

Affiliations

¹ State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Vehicle Emission Control Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
² State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Vehicle Emission Control Center of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China. Electronic address: fumingliang160@163.com.

PMID: 33465653
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116453

Abstract

To better understand the real-world emissions of rural vehicles (RVs) in China, 8 China II RVs and 18 China III RVs were tested on a provincial road, rural road and farm road using a portable emissions measurement system. The results are illustrated in contour maps of the speed, acceleration and emission rates and show that CO, HC, NOx and PM emissions differ for the three road types; however, the peak emission points all occur on the provincial road. The average CO, HC, NOx and PM emission factors based on distance for the China II RVs are 9.21, 4.05, 1.68 and 2.58 times higher, respectively, than those of the China III RVs. However, the average NOx emission factors of the China II and III RVs are 2.21 and 1.65 times higher than the corresponding recommended values of national emission inventory guideline, resulting in underestimation of overall RVs' emissions. Distance-based emission factors of four pollutants ranked from high to low are farm road > rural road > provincial road. In contrast to the average emission factors of the China II RVs on the three road types, those of the China III RVs are significantly less in terms of distance and fuel consumption. The results of other researchers differ from those in this study: the CO emission factor of the China II RVs is 2.12 times higher than that of the China II light-duty diesel vehicles (LDDVs). The PM emission factor of the China III RVs is 2.67 times higher than that of the China III LDDVs. The NOx emission factors of the China II and III RVs are similar to those of the corresponding China II and III LDDVs. Our research increases the understanding of real-world emissions of RVs and can act as great references for policy makers developing RV emission baselines.

Keywords: Emission factors; Portable emissions measurement system; Road types; Rural vehicles.