The association of body mass index with functional dyspepsia is independent of psychological morbidity: A cross-sectional study

PLoS One. 2021 Jan 26;16(1):e0245511. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245511. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Background and aim: The association between body mass index (BMI) and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) has been inconsistent. We aimed to explore the association of BMI with FGIDs in a primary care setting to provide more data in this area.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of consecutive Asian adults attending a primary healthcare setting was conducted. This study was conducted in 2 phases: The association between BMI and common FGIDs (functional diarrhea/FD, irritable bowel syndrome/IBS, functional diarrhea and functional constipation/FC) was studied initially. The influence of anxiety and depression on BMI and FGIDs was additionally explored in phase 2.

Results: A total of 1002 subjects (median age 32 years, 65.4% females, 90.7% Malay ethnicity, 73.2% higher than secondary level education) were recruited between August 2019 to January 2020. The majority of subjects were obese (39.2%), and had central obesity (51.7%), while 6.1% had metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of FD, IBS, functional diarrhea and FC were 7.5% (n = 75), 4.0% (n = 40), 1.2% (n = 12) and 10.5% (n = 105) respectively, based on the Rome III criteria. Among individual FGIDs, FD subjects had more underweight adults (BMI<18.5kg/m2) compared to controls (13.3% vs 3.5%, P = 0.002) and being underweight remained as an independent association with FD [OR = 3.648 (95%CI 1.494-8.905), P = 0.004] at multi-variate analysis. There were no independent associations between BMI and other FGIDs. When psychological morbidity was additionally explored, anxiety (OR 2.032; 95%CI = 1.034-3.991, p = 0.040), but not depression, and a BMI<18.5kg/m2 (OR 3.231; 95%CI = 1.066-9.796, p = 0.038) were found to be independently associated with FD.

Conclusions: FD, but not other FGIDs, is associated with being underweight. This association is independent of the presence of anxiety.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anxiety / complications
  • Body Mass Index*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Depression / complications
  • Dyspepsia / complications
  • Dyspepsia / epidemiology*
  • Dyspepsia / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male

Grants and funding

Author who received the grant: KHC. This study was funded by the University Malaya Specialist Centre (UMSC) C.A.R.E Research Fund (Project No.: PV039-2019). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.