Updating and characterizing neuroanatomical markers in high-risk subjects, recently diagnosed and chronic patients with schizophrenia: A revised coordinate-based meta-analysis

Donato Liloia; Claudio Brasso; Franco Cauda; Lorenzo Mancuso; Andrea Nani; Jordi Manuello; Tommaso Costa; Sergio Duca; Paola Rocca

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.010

Updating and characterizing neuroanatomical markers in high-risk subjects, recently diagnosed and chronic patients with schizophrenia: A revised coordinate-based meta-analysis

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Apr;123:83-103. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.010. Epub 2021 Jan 23.

Authors

Donato Liloia¹, Claudio Brasso², Franco Cauda³, Lorenzo Mancuso⁴, Andrea Nani⁵, Jordi Manuello⁶, Tommaso Costa⁷, Sergio Duca⁸, Paola Rocca⁹

Affiliations

¹ GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: donato.liloia@unito.it.
² Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: claudio.brasso@unito.it.
³ GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: franco.cauda@unito.it.
⁴ GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: lorenzo.mancuso@unito.it.
⁵ GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: andrea.nani@unito.it.
⁶ GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: jordi.manuello@unito.it.
⁷ GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: tommaso.costa@unito.it.
⁸ GCS-fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Functional Neuroimaging and Complex Neural Systems (FOCUS) Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: ducasergio@osp-koelliker.it.
⁹ Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: paola.rocca@unito.it.

PMID: 33497790
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.010

Abstract

Characterizing neuroanatomical markers of different stages of schizophrenia (SZ) to assess pathophysiological models of how the disorder develops is an important target for the clinical practice. We performed a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies of genetic and clinical high-risk subjects (g-/c-HR), recently diagnosed (RDSZ) and chronic SZ patients (ChSZ). We quantified gray matter (GM) changes associated with these four conditions and compared them with contrast and conjunctional data. We performed the behavioral analysis and networks decomposition of alterations to obtain their functional characterization. Results reveal a cortical-subcortical, left-to-right homotopic progression of GM loss. The right anterior cingulate is the only altered region found altered among c-HR, RDSZ and ChSZ. Contrast analyses show left-lateralized insular, amygdalar and parahippocampal GM reduction in RDSZ, which appears bilateral in ChSZ. Functional decomposition shows involvement of the salience network, with an enlargement of the sensorimotor network in RDSZ and the thalamus-basal nuclei network in ChSZ. These findings support the current neuroprogressive models of SZ and integrate this deterioration with the clinical evolution of the disease.

Keywords: Activation likelihood estimation; Behavioral analysis; Coordinate-based meta-analysis; Psychosis; Salience network; Schizophrenia; Signed differential mapping; Ultra-high risk; Voxel-based morphometry.

Publication types

Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Brain / diagnostic imaging
Gray Matter
Gyrus Cinguli
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Schizophrenia* / diagnostic imaging