Volatile profiles of five jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) cultivars grown in the Mexican Pacific area

Abstract

The volatile compounds of five kind of cultivars of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) grown in Nayarit, Mexico, was researched by using extraction and chromatographic methods such as headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eighty-six volatile compounds were identified. The most prominent compounds in the analyzed cultivars were alkyl esters of 3-methylbutanoic acid. Ethyl 3-methylbutanoate was the most abundant ester in FMC, JMC and RMC cultivars (190.7-961.2 µg/kg), whereas butyl 3-methylbutanoate (152.8-205.2 µg/kg) and pentyl 3-methylbutanoate (105.1-210.9 µg/kg) were predominant in DMC and BMC cultivars. By utilizing clustering statistical techniques such as principal component analysis was possible to identify certain esters compounds (number and concentration) to differentiate each cultivar.

Keywords: HS-SPME; Jackfruit; Jackfruit Mexican cultivars; Principal component analysis; Tropical fruits; Volatile compounds.