Due to the poor situation of water-flooding mechanism research on Chang 4 + 5 reservoir of Ordos basin, the authors quantitatively studied the influence factors of water-flooding characteristics by sedimentology, casting thin sections, constant-speed mercury injection, scanning electron microscope as well as production records. The size and distribution of pore-throat were also found closely related with the water-flooding seepage law. The results show that the microscopic seepage paths of Chang 4 + 5 reservoir include uniform displacement, finger displacement and peak displacement, and their correspondent oil displacement efficiency reduces in turn under the same conditions. Reservoir heterogeneity, reservoir properties, distribution of pore structure and wettability play a decisive role in water-flooding efficiency. Generally, When the intra-layer range is greater than 4.65, the breakthrough coefficient is greater than 3.54, the coefficient of variation is greater than 0.7, the distribution frequency of inter-layer is greater than 0.5 per meter, and the distribution density is greater than 0.435%, the range between layers is greater than 6.86, the breakthrough coefficient is greater than 2.58, the coefficient of variation is greater than 0.51, and the thickness of inter-layer is greater than 7.54 m. the increasing trend of oil displacement efficiency will be obviously weakened.