Predictive nomograms for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma applying the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union Internationale Contre le Cancer 8th edition staging system

Deepak Balasubramanian; Narayana Subramaniam; Francesco Missale; Filippo Marchi; Yogesh Dokhe; Smitha Vijayan; Ajit Nambiar; Davide Mattavelli; Stefano Calza; Lorenzo Bresciani; Cesare Piazza; Piero Nicolai; Giorgio Peretti; Krishnakumar Thankappan; Subramania Iyer

doi:10.1002/hed.26554

Predictive nomograms for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma applying the American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union Internationale Contre le Cancer 8th edition staging system

Head Neck. 2021 Apr;43(4):1043-1055. doi: 10.1002/hed.26554. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Authors

Deepak Balasubramanian¹, Narayana Subramaniam¹, Francesco Missale^{2

3

4}, Filippo Marchi^{2

5}, Yogesh Dokhe¹, Smitha Vijayan⁶, Ajit Nambiar⁶, Davide Mattavelli⁷, Stefano Calza^{8

9

10}, Lorenzo Bresciani¹¹, Cesare Piazza^{11

12}, Piero Nicolai¹³, Giorgio Peretti^{2

3}, Krishnakumar Thankappan¹, Subramania Iyer¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India.
² IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
³ Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.
⁴ Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
⁵ Department of Plastic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
⁶ Department of Pathology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India.
⁷ Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
⁸ Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
⁹ Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁰ Big & Open Data Innovation Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial and Thyroid Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS, National Cancer Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy.
¹² Department of Oncology and Oncohematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
¹³ Section of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

PMID: 33529403
DOI: 10.1002/hed.26554

Abstract

Background: Nomograms applying the 8th edition of the TNM staging system aimed at predicting overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS), locoregional recurrence-free (LRRFS) and distant recurrence-free survivals (DRFS) for oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) are still lacking.

Methods: A training cohort of 438 patients with OTSCC was retrospectively enrolled from a single institution. An external validation set of 287 patients was retrieved from two independent institutions.

Results: Internal validation of the multivariable models for OS, DSS, DRFS and LRRFS showed a good calibration and discrimination results with optimism-corrected c-indices of 0.74, 0.75, 0.77 and 0.70, respectively. The external validation confirmed the good performance of OS, DSS and DRFS models (c-index 0.73 and 0.77, and 0.73, respectively) and a fair performance of the LRRFS model (c-index 0.58).

Conclusions: The nomograms herein presented can be implemented as useful tools for prediction of OS, DSS, DRFS and LRRFS in OTSCC.

Keywords: nomogram; oral cancer; prognostication; squamous cell carcinoma; tongue cancer.

MeSH terms

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / pathology
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / therapy
Head and Neck Neoplasms*
Humans
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Neoplasm Staging
Nomograms
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
Tongue Neoplasms* / pathology
Tongue Neoplasms* / therapy
United States