Expression and Role of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) in Tumors: From the Cells to the Patients

Abstract

Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) is a secretory antagonist of the classical Wnt signaling pathway. Many studies have reported that Dkk1 is abnormally expressed in tumor cells, and abnormal expression of Dkk1 can inhibit cell proliferation or induce apoptosis through pro-apoptotic factors, However, due to the differences in tumor environment and the complex regulatory mechanisms in different tumors, Dkk1 has different effects on the progression of different tumors. In many tumors, high expression of Dkk1 may promote tumor metastasis. However, Dkk1, which is highly expressed in other tumors, can inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis. More and more evidence shows that Dkk1 plays a complex and different role in tumor occurrence, development and metastasis in different tumor environments and through a variety of complex regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, Dkk1 may not only be a useful biomarker of metastasis, but also a target for studying the metabolic mechanism of tumor cells and treating tumors in many tumor types. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress on the expression, mechanism and function of Dkk1 in different tumors, and at the same time, based on the public database data, we made a further analysis of the expression of Dkk1 in different tumors.

Keywords: Dkk1; Wnt signaling pathway; biomarker; dickkopf-1; in vitro; in vivo; metastasis; tumor mechanism.

Figure 1

Summary of the research findings on the role of Dkk1 in cancers from in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as from studies using serum from human patients.

Figure 2

Analysis of differential expression of Dkk1 in tumor tissues and normal tissues based on TCGA and GTEx database.