Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adult residents of Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalence of dyslipidemia is not known among Ethiopian adults. The prevalence is expected to rise due to the socio-economic development accompanied by lifestyle changes. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adult residents of Mekelle City.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 321 randomly selected subjects. Data were collected on sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of the participants using the WHO STEPS survey instrument. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.0. Student's t-test and Pearson's Chi-square test were used to assessing the interrelationship between each factor and outcome variables. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors associated with dyslipidemia. All statistical significance was considered at p ≤0.05.

Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study was 66.7%. The prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), elevated triglyceride, elevated total cholesterol, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was 49.5%, 40.2%, 30.8%, and 16.5%, respectively. Being above 64 years (aOR: 2.196, 95% CI: 1.183-4.078) and 40-64 years old (aOR: 2.196, 95% CI: 1.183-4.078), overweight (aOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.314-4.756) and obesity (aOR: 15.489, 95% CI: 3.525-68.070), walking <150 minutes per week (aOR: 1.722, 95% CI: 1.004-2.953), raised fasting blood glucose (FBG) (aOR: 4.804, 95% CI: 1.925-11.988), and medium socio-economic status (aOR: 2.017, 95% CI: 1.044-3.899) were identified as significant predictors of dyslipidemia.

Conclusions: The finding of this study indicated that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is unacceptably high among adult residents of Mekelle City, which underlines an urgent need for early detection and public health interventions through the integrated involvement of public, governmental, and non-governmental organizations.

Fig 1. Difference in the mean value of different CVD risk factors with dyslipidemia status of the participants (n = 321).

LDL-C, TC, TG, HDL-C, and FBG in mg/dl; BMI in kg/m²; WC in cm; SBP and DBP in mm Hg; Age in year; Weight in kg. Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index, DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, FBG: Fasting Blood Glucose, HDL-C: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure, TG: Triglyceride, TC: Total Cholesterol, WC: Waist Circumference.

Fig 2. The co-occurrence of lipid abnormalities and their respective proportions (n = 321).

Fig 3. Correlation of different cardiovascular disease risk factors among the participants (n = 321).

Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index, DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, FBG: Fasting Blood Glucose, HDL-C: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, LDL-C: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure, TG: Triglyceride, TC: Total Cholesterol, WC: Waist Circumference.