1 Department of Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Anaesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy. claudio.sandroni@policlinicogemelli.it.
2 Institute of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. claudio.sandroni@policlinicogemelli.it.
3 Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
4 Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Warwick, UK.
5 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK.