1 Aerodigestive and Airway Reconstruction Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford Children's Health, Stanford, Palo Alto, California.
2 Center for Pediatric Voice and Swallowing Disorders, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford Children's Health, Stanford, Palo Alto, California.
3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.
4 Global Tracheostomy Collaborative, Raleigh, North Carolina.
5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.