Telemedicine has traditionally been used in rural areas, but the recent development of mHealth solutions has led to a growth in urban telemedicine services. The aim of this study was to determine whether urban and rural patients in a large academic medical center use telemedicine to access different healthcare specialties at different rates. This retrospective cohort study examined all telemedicine visits dated 2008-2017 at a large academic medical center. Visits were classified by clinical specialty. Teledermatology, child telepsychiatry, and adult telepsychiatry made up 97 percent of telemedicine visits. Rural patients were more likely to have multiple telehealth visits. A significant difference was observed between rural and urban use of telemedicine, both in terms of specialties and demographics. This suggests that health systems should consider adjusting resources and training to meet the different needs of these two populations. In particular, telemedicine may offer help for the nationwide maldistribution of adolescent psychiatry providers.
Keywords: Telemedicine; healthcare disparities; rural health; urban health.
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