Development of 3D printed resin reinforced with modified ZrO2 nanoparticles for long-term provisional dental restorations

Sultan Aati; Zohaib Akram; Hien Ngo; Amr S Fawzy

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.010

Development of 3D printed resin reinforced with modified ZrO₂ nanoparticles for long-term provisional dental restorations

Dent Mater. 2021 Jun;37(6):e360-e374. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.010. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Authors

Sultan Aati¹, Zohaib Akram², Hien Ngo², Amr S Fawzy³

Affiliations

¹ UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia; Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
² UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.
³ UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia. Electronic address: amr.fawzy@uwa.edu.au.

PMID: 33663884
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.010

Abstract

Objective: To characterize and investigate efficacy of loading functionalized ZrO₂ nanoparticles in 3-dimensional (3D) printed acrylate ester-based resin subjected to accelerated aging in artificial saliva. As well as to evaluate the effect of ZrO₂ nanoparticle volume fraction addition on mechanical and physical properties of printed composite.

Methods: Functionalized ZrO₂ nanoparticles were characterized using TEM and Raman spectroscopy. 3D printed dental resin was reinforced, with ZrO₂ nanoparticles, in the concentration range (0-5wt.%). The resulted nanocomposites, in term of structure and physical/mechanical properties were evaluated using different mechanical testing, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.

Results: ZrO₂ based nanocomposite was successful and formed composites were more ductile. Degree of conversion was significant at the highest level with blank resin and 1wt.%. Sorption revealed reduction associated with volume fraction significant to neat resin, however solubility indicated neat and 4wt.% had the lowest significant dissolution. Vickers represented critical positive correlation with filler content, while nanohardness and elasticity behaved symmetrically and had the maximum strength at 3wt.% addition. In addition, 3wt.% showed the highest fracture toughness and modulus. Improvement of flexural strength was significantly linked to filler concentration. Overall properties dramatically were enhanced after 3 months aging in artificial saliva, especially degree of conversion, microhardness, nanoindentation/elasticity, and flexural modulus. However, significant reduction was observed with flexural modulus and fracture toughness.

Significance: The outcomes suggest that the newly developed 3D printed nanocomposites modified with ZrO₂ nanoparticle have the superior potential and efficacy as long-term provisional dental restoration materials.

Keywords: 3D printed resins; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Provisional restorations; Zirconium oxide.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Composite Resins*
Dental Materials
Materials Testing
Nanoparticles*
Pliability
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Surface Properties

Substances

Composite Resins
Dental Materials