Peri-implantitis (PI) is a multifactorial condition caused by the interactions of pathogens and the host immune response. Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between PI and specific gene polymorphisms, particularly cytokine genes involved in the pathogenesis of PI. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) genes in PI patients and healthy controls. A total of 50 patients with PI and 89 periodontally healthy controls were recruited for this study. Venous blood samples (5 cc) were collected, and DNA was extracted. After DNA purification, the relevant gene segments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and electrophoresis were performed to assess the polymorphisms of the related genes. The analysis revealed that allele and genotype frequencies of IL-10 ─ 819 C/T, IL-10 ─ 592 C/A, and IL-1ß + 3954 C/T significantly differed between PI patients and healthy controls. The analysis revealed no significant association between TNF-α ─ 857 G/A and TNF-α ─ 308 G/A polymorphisms and PI. Our results indicated that specific gene polymorphisms of IL-10 ─ 819 C/T, IL-10 ─ 592 C/A, and IL-1ß + 3954 C/T may play a role in the pathogenesis of PI, and increase its risk of occurrence.
Keywords: Interleukin; Peri-implantitis; Polymorphism; Tumor necrosis factor.