Discovery of a Hydroxypyridinone APJ Receptor Agonist as a Clinical Candidate

J Med Chem. 2021 Mar 25;64(6):3086-3099. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01878. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Abstract

Apelin-13 is an endogenous peptidic agonist of the apelin receptor (APJ) receptor with the potential for improving cardiac function in heart failure patients. However, the low plasma stability of apelin-13 necessitates continuous intravenous infusion for therapeutic use. There are several approaches to increase the stability of apelin-13 including attachment of pharmacokinetic enhancing groups, stabilized peptides, and Fc-fusion approaches. We sought a small-molecule APJ receptor agonist approach to target a compound with a pharmacokinetic profile amenable for chronic oral administration. This manuscript describes sequential optimization of the pyrimidinone series, leading to pyridinone 14, with in vitro potency equivalent to the endogenous ligand apelin-13 and with an excellent oral bioavailability and PK profile in multiple preclinical species. Compound 14 exhibited robust pharmacodynamic effects similar to apelin-13 in an acute rat pressure-volume loop model and was advanced as a clinical candidate.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apelin Receptors / agonists*
  • Apelin Receptors / metabolism
  • Dogs
  • Drug Discovery
  • Haplorhini
  • Humans
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
  • Male
  • Models, Molecular
  • Pyridones / chemistry*
  • Pyridones / pharmacokinetics
  • Pyridones / pharmacology*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Substances

  • Apelin Receptors
  • Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Pyridones
  • apelin-13 peptide