Objective: To explore the effect of perioperative airway management based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the improvement of preoperative pulmonary function in patients with aspirin intolerance triad (AIT). Methods: Thirty patients with AIT (including 13 males and 17 females, aged from 29 to 75 years old) for sinus surgery from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected, 172 patients (including 105 males and 67 females, aged from 17 to 83 years old) with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) without lower airway disease were selected by random number table at the same period, and their clinical data and preoperative pulmonary function were analyzed and compared retrospectively. FEV1%pred<80% after bronchodilation test was considered as high risk for surgery. Preoperative evaluation and standardized drug intervention were applied in patients with pulmonary function abnormalities at risk for surgery, and improvement of preoperative pulmonary function and tolerability to general anesthesia surgery in the two groups were evaluated. All the statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0. Results: The main pulmonary function indexes (FEV1%pred, FEV1/FVC%pred, FEF50%pred, FEF75%pred, MMEF%pred) in AIT group decreased significantly than those in CRSwNP group (t values were 10.882, 10.506, 9.141, 10.182, 9.099, respectively, all P<0.001). At admission 86.7% (26/30) patients in the AIT group and 11.6% (20/172) patients in CRSwNP group had high surgical risk for lung function, with significantly difference (χ2 = 81.788, P<0.05); after 3 days with individualized drug intervention, 57.7% (15/26) patients in AIT group reached the standard for surgery, which was significantly less than 90.0% (18/20) patients in CRSwNP group (χ²=4.335,P<0.05); and after 6 days with drug intervention, the patients who reached the standard for surgery in pulmonary function accounted for 92.3% (24/26) in the AIT group and 100% (20/20) in the CRSwNP group. FEV1%pred in the two groups before surgery were significantly improved compared with those at admission respectively ((90.00±6.32)% vs. (64.79±13.60)%,t value was 10.110 in AIT group; (91.65±11.86)% vs. (76.40±9.35)%, t value was 9.346 in CRSwNP group; all P<0.05), and also FEV1/FVC%pred, FEF50%pred, FEF75%pred and MMEF%pred were all significantly improved (all P<0.05). Surgery was completed successfully in the two groups of patients with lung function meeting the surgical standard, and no intraoperative or postoperative airway adverse events occurred. Conclusion: AIT patients have high airway risk for sinus surgery due to poor pulmonary function. Standardized airway management based on the concept of ERAS can improve the pulmonary function of patients, and decrease the incidence of perioperative airway adverse events.
目的： 探讨基于加速康复外科（enhanced recovery after surgery，ERAS）理念的围手术期气道管理对阿司匹林耐受不良三联征（aspirin intolerance triad，AIT）患者术前肺功能改善的作用。 方法： 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月就诊于烟台毓璜顶医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科，拟行功能性鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗的30例AIT患者（即AIT组），其中男13例，女17例，年龄29~75岁。以及用随机数表法选取同一时间段收治的慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉（CRSwNP）且不合并下气道疾病的患者172例（即CRSwNP组），其中男105例，女67例，年龄17~83岁。比较2组患者的临床资料，并以支气管舒张试验后第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（FEV1占预计值%）<80%定义为存在手术高风险，针对术前肺功能异常存在手术风险者给予评估及规范化药物干预，观察干预后2组患者术前肺功能及是否耐受全麻手术。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。 结果： AIT组患者入院时各项主要肺功能指标［FEV1占预计值%、第一秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值占预计值百分比（FEV1/FVC占预计值%）、用力呼出50%肺活量时呼气流量占预计值百分比（FEF50占预计值%）、用力呼出75%肺活量时呼气流量占预计值百分比（FEF75占预计值%）、最大呼气中段流量占预计值百分比（MMEF占预计值%）］较CRSwNP组均明显降低，差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为10.882、10.506、9.141、10.182、9.099，P值均<0.001）。AIT组入院时肺功能存在手术高风险者占86.7%（26/30），明显高于CRSwNP组（11.6%，20/172），差异有统计学意义（χ²=81.788，P<0.05）；支气管舒张试验后AIT组26例患者FEV1占预计值%均<80%，2组中肺功能存在手术高风险者经过个体化药物干预3 d后，AIT组肺功能达到手术标准的人数占57.7%（15/26），明显低于CRSwNP组90.0%（18/20），差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.335，P<0.05）；6 d后，AIT组达到标准的人数占92.3%（24/26），CRSwNP组均达到标准，2组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术前2组FEV1占预计值%较入院时均改善，差异有统计学意义［AIT组（90.00±6.32）%比（64.79±13.60）%，t=10.110；CRSwNP组（91.65±11.86）%比（76.40±9.35）%，t=9.346；P值均<0.05］，同时FEV1/FVC占预计值%及小气道功能指标FEF50占预计值%、FEF75占预计值%、MMEF占预计值%经雾化干预后均得到改善，差异均有统计学意义（P值均<0.05）。所有肺功能达标的2组患者手术均顺利完成，术中及术后未有气道不良事件发生。 结论： AIT患者入院时肺功能差，存在围手术期气道高风险，基于ERAS理念的规范化气道管理可使其肺功能达到耐受手术的标准，降低围手术期气道不良事件的发生。.