Translational Research in Vitiligo

Front Immunol. 2021 Mar 2:12:624517. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624517. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Vitiligo is a disease of the skin characterized by the appearance of white spots. Significant progress has been made in understanding vitiligo pathogenesis over the past 30 years, but only through perseverance, collaboration, and open-minded discussion. Early hypotheses considered roles for innervation, microvascular anomalies, oxidative stress, defects in melanocyte adhesion, autoimmunity, somatic mosaicism, and genetics. Because theories about pathogenesis drive experimental design, focus, and even therapeutic approach, it is important to consider their impact on our current understanding about vitiligo. Animal models allow researchers to perform mechanistic studies, and the development of improved patient sample collection methods provides a platform for translational studies in vitiligo that can also be applied to understand other autoimmune diseases that are more difficult to study in human samples. Here we discuss the history of vitiligo translational research, recent advances, and their implications for new treatment approaches.

Keywords: autoimmunity; genetics; melanocyte oxidative stress; translational research; vitiligo.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Autoimmunity
  • Dermatologic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Genetic Testing
  • Humans
  • Melanocytes* / drug effects
  • Melanocytes* / immunology
  • Melanocytes* / metabolism
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Phenotype
  • Skin Pigmentation* / drug effects
  • Skin* / drug effects
  • Skin* / immunology
  • Skin* / metabolism
  • Translational Research, Biomedical*
  • Vitiligo* / drug therapy
  • Vitiligo* / genetics
  • Vitiligo* / immunology
  • Vitiligo* / metabolism

Substances

  • Dermatologic Agents