Combined ergonomic exposures and development of musculoskeletal pain in the general working population: A prospective cohort study

Scand J Work Environ Health. 2021 May 1;47(4):287-295. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3954. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the importance of combined ergonomic exposures at work for the development of musculoskeletal pain.

Methods: Through four rounds (2012-2018) of the Work Environment and Health in Denmark Study, 18 905 employees of the general working population replied to a baseline and 2-year follow-up questionnaire. First, a k-means cluster analysis of seven ergonomic factors (back bending, arm above shoulders, lifting etc., from 'never' to 'almost all the time') identified nine naturally occurring clusters. Second, using a weighted survey regression model controlling for age, gender, survey year, education, lifestyle, influence at work, and pain intensity at baseline, we estimated development of pain intensity (0-10) in the neck-shoulder and low-back in these clusters. The largest cluster served as reference to the other clusters and was characterized by low ergonomic exposures.

Results: Clusters characterized by multiple combined ergonomic exposures for a relatively high percentage of the working time showed the largest increase in neck-shoulder as well as low-back pain intensity from baseline to follow-up. However, clusters characterized by high exposure to a few specific ergonomic factors also increased pain significantly, eg, standing/walking combined with lifting/carrying or twisted/bent back for the majority of the working time increased low-back pain, whereas repetitive arm movements for the majority of the working time with or without standing/walking increased neck-shoulder pain.

Conclusion: Combined occupational ergonomic exposures play an important role in the development of musculoskeletal pain. Workplace preventive approaches should consider this in risk assessments and organization of the work.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Ergonomics
  • Humans
  • Musculoskeletal Diseases*
  • Musculoskeletal Pain* / epidemiology
  • Musculoskeletal Pain* / etiology
  • Occupational Diseases* / epidemiology
  • Occupational Diseases* / etiology
  • Occupational Exposure* / adverse effects
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors