The prevalence and clinical characteristics of sacroiliac joint dysfunction in adolescent baseball players

Abstract

Background: Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction is a potential source of low back pain (LBP) in baseball players, who are more likely to be affected by loading of the SIJ in the throwing motion. However, the prevalence and characteristics of this condition have not been studied thoroughly. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of SIJ dysfunction among high school baseball players.

Methods: Participants comprised 891 high school baseball players who had undergone annual medical evaluations (a self-completed questionnaire and physical examination). The prevalence of SIJ dysfunction and associations with the measurements of the flexibility of the spine and lower extremities such as finger-floor-distance, straight-leg-raising angle, heel-buttock-distance, Thomas test, and passive range of motion of the hip were investigated.

Results: Twenty-two of 891 subjects (2.5%) met our criteria for SIJ dysfunction. Twelve subjects (55%) exhibited throwing arm side symptoms more commonly than in the non-throwing arm side (n = 3, 15%) or bilateral side (n = 7, 32%). Previous episodes of LBP were experienced significantly more frequently among subjects with SIJ dysfunction (n = 19, 86.4%) than among those without (n = 501, 57.7%; P = 0.015). The prevalence of present LBP that interfered with play was significantly higher among subjects with SIJ dysfunction (n = 9, 42.9%) than among those without (n = 118, 21.2%; P = 0.038). The prevalence of SIJ dysfunction as a source of LBP was estimated at 7.1% (9 of 127 subjects). After adjustment for associated factors using a logistic regression model, we observed a significant association between a limitation in hip internal rotation on the throwing arm side and SIJ dysfunction (odds ratio 3.11 [1.30-7.71]; P = 0.0109).

Conclusions: According to our criteria, the estimated prevalence of SIJ dysfunction among high school baseball players is 2.5%. There was a significant association between a limitation in hip internal rotation on the throwing arm side and SIJ dysfunction.