Correlation between dental plaque accumulation and gingival health in periodontal maintenance patients using short or extended personal oral hygiene intervals

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the correlation between bacterial dental plaque accumulation and gingival health in subjects with history of periodontitis attending a maintenance programme including personal oral hygiene measures (pOH) at short and extended intervals. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Materials and methods: Forty-two subjects were randomized into groups performing pOH at 12-, 24- or 48-h intervals. The Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were recorded at baseline, 30 and 90 days. For the analysis, pOH groups were collapsed into subjects performing pOH at daily (G12/24) or extended (G48) intervals. Summary statistics and Spearman correlations between plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation are presented.

Results: G12/24 and G48 subjects showed significant increases in plaque scores and percentage sites with gingival inflammation over the course of study. At 90 days, G48 subjects showed significantly greater GI and BoP scores than G12/24 subjects. While PlI/GI correlations were not affected by pOH interval, PlI/BoP correlations remained unchanged with short to increase with extended pOH intervals.

Conclusion: pOH interval influences the correlation between bacterial dental plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Subjects using extended pOH intervals exhibit an increased correlation allowing accumulation of bacterial dental plaque to the detriment of gingival health. (ClinicalTrials.gov: 50208115.9.0000.5346). Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02684682.

Keywords: dental plaque; gingivitis; oral hygiene; periodontitis.