Efficacy and Safety of Sacubitril/Valsartan Therapy for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction during the Vulnerable Phase: A Multicenter, Assessor-Blinded, Prospective, Observational, Cohort Study

Cardiology. 2021;146(3):335-344. doi: 10.1159/000512418. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Abstract

Background: The 3-month period after hospitalization for acute cardiac failure is a vulnerable phase with the highest risk of mortality and rehospitalization. Safety and efficacy of early initiation of sacubitril/valsartan during the index hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is unclear. Therefore, we tested whether sacubitril/valsartan could result in a lower rate of a composite outcome of first hospitalization for heart failure and death from cardiovascular causes compared to inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system alone.

Methods: We enrolled patients hospitalized for ADHF and reduced ejection fraction at 4 sites; patients were divided into a sacubitril/valsartan group or an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) group. All patients were followed up for 3 months after discharge. The primary endpoint was outcomes as a composite of death from cardiovascular causes and rehospitalization for heart failure.

Results: In total, 251 patients who received sacubitril/valsartan and 251 patients who received ACEIs/ARBs had similar propensity scores and were included and compared. The primary endpoint was reached in 40 patients (15.9%) treated with sacubitril/valsartan and in 59 patients (23.5%) managed by ACEI/ARB (HR, 0.650; 95% CI: 0.435-0.971; p = 0.035). The NYHA class improved in 72.1% of patients in the sacubitril/valsartan group and in 59.8% of patients in the ACEI/ARB group (HR, 1.303; 95% CI: 1.097-1.548, p = 0.004). The key safety outcomes endpoints did not significantly differ.

Conclusions: Among patients hospitalized with ADHF and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, we observed that sacubitril/valsartan therapy led to reduction in death from cardiovascular causes and rehospitalizations for heart failure when compared to ACEI/ARB therapy alone during the vulnerable phase. Our results support that sacubitril/valsartan may be administered early in the vulnerable phase after ADHF and improves NYHA class.

Keywords: Heart failure; Outcome; Reduced ejection fraction; Sacubitril/valsartan; Vulnerable phase.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Observational Study

MeSH terms

  • Aminobutyrates
  • Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists* / adverse effects
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Biphenyl Compounds
  • Cohort Studies
  • Drug Combinations
  • Heart Failure* / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Prospective Studies
  • Stroke Volume
  • Tetrazoles / adverse effects
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Valsartan / adverse effects
  • Ventricular Function, Left

Substances

  • Aminobutyrates
  • Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists
  • Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Biphenyl Compounds
  • Drug Combinations
  • Tetrazoles
  • Valsartan
  • sacubitril and valsartan sodium hydrate drug combination