Comparison of the Effects of a Bean-Based and a White Rice-Based Breakfast Diet on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Levels in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Med Sci Monit. 2021 Mar 31:27:e930349. doi: 10.12659/MSM.930349.

Abstract

BACKGROUND This study compared the effects of a bean-based and a white rice-based breakfast diet on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIAL AND METHODS We recruited 63 patients with T2DM. The patients participated in the randomized 2×2 crossover trial. The bean-based diet group and white rice control group were matched for 50 g of available carbohydrate at breakfast. The patients followed the diets for 3 days. Vein blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after eating. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results are expressed as the mean±standard error of mean (SEM) or as the median with interquartile range values. RESULTS Compared with the white rice control, postprandial glucose was significantly lower with the bean-based diet treatments at 60 min (P=0.004), 120 min (P=0.000), and 180 min (P=0.000). The insulin levels of the bean-based diet group were significantly higher at 60 min (P=0.013). The C-peptide levels of the bean-based diet group were significantly higher at 30 min (P=0.042) and 60 min (P=0.005) postprandial. The glucose area under the curve (AUC) showed a similar trend (P=0.000). There were no statistically significant differences in the AUC of insulin and C-peptide, except C-peptide AUC at 0 to 60 min (P=0.027). CONCLUSIONS Compared with a white rice-based breakfast, a bean-based diet significantly reduced postprandial glucose levels and promoted insulin secretion. These results support a dietary approach to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Comparative Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Asian People*
  • Blood Glucose
  • Breakfast
  • China
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / diet therapy*
  • Diet / methods*
  • Dietary Fiber
  • Fabaceae*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Insulin / blood*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Oryza*
  • Postprandial Period

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Dietary Fiber
  • Insulin