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. 2021 Mar 18;13(3):220.
doi: 10.3390/toxins13030220.

Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by Cordyceps fumosorosea against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Aphis craccivora (Koch)

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Characterization and Toxicity of Crude Toxins Produced by Cordyceps fumosorosea against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Aphis craccivora (Koch)

Jianhui Wu et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Cordyceps fumosorosea, an insect pathogenic fungus, produces different toxins/secondary metabolites which can act as pest control agents. This study reports the extraction and characterization of crude mycelial extracts of C. fumosorosea isolate SP502 along with their bio-efficacy against Bemisia tabaci and Aphis craccivora. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometery and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of C. fumosorosea isolate SP502 extracts showed the presence of five major compounds-Trichodermin, 5-Methylmellein, Brevianamide F, Enniatin and Beauvericin-which all may potentially be involved in insecticidal activity. The HPLC analysis of C. fumosorosea mycelial extracts and Beauvericin standard showed similar chromatographic peaks, with the content of Beauvericin in the crude toxin being calculated as 0.66 mg/ml. The median lethal concentrations of C. fumosorosea mycelial extracts towards first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs of A. craccivora were 46.35, 54.55, 68.94, and 81.92 µg/mL, respectively. The median lethal concentrations of C. fumosorosea mycelial extracts towards first, second, third and fourth instar nymphs of B. tabaci were 62.67, 72.84, 77.40, and 94.40 µg/mL, respectively. Our results demonstrate that bioactive compounds produced by C. fumosorosea isolate SP502 have insecticidal properties and could, therefore, be developed into biopesticides for the management of B. tabaci and A. craccivora.

Keywords: Cordyceps fumosorosea-SP502; aphids; biological control; toxicity; toxin; whitefly.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
FTIR analysis of the ethyl acetate mycelia extract obtained from Cordyceps fumosorosea.
Figure 2
Figure 2
LC-Ms analysis of bioactive compounds produced by Cordyceps fumosorosea isolate SP502. (A) LC-MS profile; (B) Trichodermin; (C) 5-Methylmellein; (D) Brevianamide F; (E) Enniatin; (F) Beauvericin.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The 1H NMR analysis of bio-active compounds produced by Cordyceps fumosorosea isolate SP502.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) The HPLC chromatogram of Beauvericin standard and (B) the HPLC chromatogram of mycelial extracts obtained from Cordyceps fumosorosea.

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