Microbiome, Immunosenescence, and Chronic Kidney Disease

Elisavet Stavropoulou; Konstantia Kantartzi; Christina Tsigalou; Konstantina Aftzoglou; Chrysa Voidarou; Theocharis Konstantinidis; Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc; Elias Thodis; Eugenia Bezirtzoglou

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.661203

Microbiome, Immunosenescence, and Chronic Kidney Disease

Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 19:8:661203. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.661203. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Elisavet Stavropoulou^{1

2}, Konstantia Kantartzi³, Christina Tsigalou⁴, Konstantina Aftzoglou⁵, Chrysa Voidarou⁶, Theocharis Konstantinidis⁷, Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc⁸, Elias Thodis³, Eugenia Bezirtzoglou⁹

Affiliations

¹ CHUV (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois), Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, Switzerland.
² Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Institute, Valais Hospital, Sion, Switzerland.
³ Nephrology Clinic, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece.
⁴ Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece.
⁵ Medical School, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
⁶ Department of Public Health P.U., Arta, Greece.
⁷ Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece.
⁸ Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
⁹ Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupoli, Greece.

Abstract

The gut microbiome is known as an important predictive tool for perceiving characteristic shifts in disease states. Multiple renal diseases and pathologies seem to be associated with gut dysbiosis which directly affects host homeostasis. The gastrointestinal-kidney dialogue confers interesting information about the pathogenesis of multiple kidney diseases. Moreover, aging is followed by specific shifts in the human microbiome, and gradual elimination of physiological functions predisposes the microbiome to inflammaging, sarcopenia, and disease. Aging is characterized by a microbiota with an abundance of disease-associated pathobionts. Multiple factors such as the immune system, environment, medication, diet, and genetic endowment are involved in determining the age of the microbiome in health and disease. Our present review promotes recently acquired knowledge and is expected to inspire researchers to advance studies and investigations on the involved pathways of the gut microbiota and kidney axis.

Keywords: ageing; chronic kidney disease; gut; gut-kidney axis; immunosenescence; kidney; microbiome; microbiota.

Publication types

Review