It is now well established that locomotion and scratching in vertebrates can result from the activation of a spinal central generator. The possibility of control of these rhythmic motor activities by the red nucleus has been analyzed in the thalamic cat, in which efferent nerve discharges representing fictive locomotion or fictive scratching can still be recorded following paralysis by curarization. It was found that the discharge of lumbar-projecting rubrospinal neurons is modulated in relation to the intensity and frequency of the rhythmic efferent activity in the contralateral hindlimb. The average firing frequency was minimal at the transition between the extensor and flexor efferent bursts and increased progressively to reach a maximum in the second part of the flexor burst. Comparison of the rubrospinal activities during real and fictive rhythmic motor activities revealed only minor influences of phasic afferent inputs. Analysis of the relations between the rhythmic discharges found in rubrospinal neurons, cerebellar neurons (interpositus nucleus and paravermal Purkinje cells of the cerebellar anterior lobe) and neurons of an ascending pathway (ventral spinocerebellar tract) leads to the conclusion that the rubrospinal tract belongs to an internal loop between spinal and supraspinal centres. However, until now, the results do not allow the evaluation of its contribution to the motor performance, even in situations which, like those studied here, do not involve the complex motor control present in the intact cat.