Digital rectal examination in palpable rectal cancer: expert panel consensus on key elements and analysis of a case series

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
• ² Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• ³ Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
• ⁴ Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
• ⁵ Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁶ Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
• ⁷ Department of Surgery, Basingstoke Hospital, Basingstoke, UK.
• ⁸ Colorectal Surgery, Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal.
• ⁹ Escarpment Cancer Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.