Progress of Plant Medicine Derived Extracts and Alkaloids on Modulating Viral Infections and Inflammation

doi:10.2147/DDDT.S299120

Review

. 2021 Mar 31:15:1385-1408.

doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S299120. eCollection 2021.

Progress of Plant Medicine Derived Extracts and Alkaloids on Modulating Viral Infections and Inflammation

Huihui Ti^#^{1

2

3}, Zixi Zhuang^#^{4

5}, Qian Yu¹, Shumei Wang^{2

3

6}

Affiliations

¹ School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
² Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
³ Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
⁵ Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.
⁶ School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 33833499
PMCID: PMC8020337
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S299120

Review

Progress of Plant Medicine Derived Extracts and Alkaloids on Modulating Viral Infections and Inflammation

Huihui Ti et al. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2021.

. 2021 Mar 31:15:1385-1408.

doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S299120. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Huihui Ti^#^{1

2

3}, Zixi Zhuang^#^{4

5}, Qian Yu¹, Shumei Wang^{2

3

6}

Affiliations

¹ School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
² Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
³ Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
⁵ Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China.
⁶ School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 33833499
PMCID: PMC8020337
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S299120

Abstract

Viral infectious diseases are serious threats to human health in both developing and developed countries. Although there is the continued development of new drugs from synthetic sources as antiviral agents, medicinal plants continue to provide the basic raw materials for some of the most important antiviral drugs. Alkaloids are a class of pharmacologically active plant compounds that are usually alkaline in nature. In this review, we tried to summarize recent progress in herb-based antiviral research, the advantages of using active plant compounds as antiviral agents, and the inflammatory responses initiated by alkaloids, based on the literature from 2009 to 2019, for the treatment of conditions, including influenza, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus infections. Articles are retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using relevant keywords. In particular, the alkaloids from medicinal plants responsible for the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory actions are identified and discussed. This review can provide a theoretical basis and approaches for using various alkaloids as antiviral treatments. More research is needed to develop alkaloidal compounds as antiviral therapeutic agents and potential regulators of the anti-inflammatory response.

Keywords: alkaloids; anti-inflammatory responses; antiviral; antiviral therapeutic agents; viral infectious diseases.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest for this work.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Chemical structures of natural plant alkaloids with anti-HIV properties.

**Figure 2**
Chemical structures of natural plant alkaloids with anti-HBV properties.

**Figure 3**
Chemical structures of natural plant alkaloids with anti-hepatitis C virus properties.

**Figure 4**
Chemical structures of natural plant alkaloids with anti-influenza virus properties.

**Figure 5**
Chemical structures of natural plant alkaloids with anti-respiratory syncytial virus properties.

**Figure 6**
Chemical structures of natural plant alkaloids with anti-herpes simplex virus properties.

**Figure 7**
Chemical structures of natural plant alkaloids with other antiviral properties.

**Figure 8**
Chemical structures of natural plant alkaloids with anti-inflammatory activities.

**Figure 9**
Major cell signaling pathways related to inflammation.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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[1] Vahidnia F, Stramer SL, Kessler D, et al. Recent viral infection in US blood donors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Qual Life Res. 2017;26:349–357. doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1392-5 - DOI - PubMed

[2] Vahidnia F, Stramer SL, Kessler D, et al. Recent viral infection in US blood donors and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Qual Life Res. 2017;26:349–357. doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1392-5 - DOI - PubMed

[3] Nichol KL. The efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of inactivated influenza virus vaccines. Vaccine. 2003;21:1769–1775. doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00070-7 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Nichol KL. The efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of inactivated influenza virus vaccines. Vaccine. 2003;21:1769–1775. doi:10.1016/s0264-410x(03)00070-7 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Martinez FJ. Pathogen-directed therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2007;4:647–658. doi:10.1513/pats.200707-097TH - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Martinez FJ. Pathogen-directed therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2007;4:647–658. doi:10.1513/pats.200707-097TH - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Cho YK, Kim JE. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng intake on the survival duration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients. J Ginseng Res. 2017;41:222–226. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.12.006 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Cho YK, Kim JE. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng intake on the survival duration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients. J Ginseng Res. 2017;41:222–226. doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2016.12.006 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Gurib-Fakim A. Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol Aspects Med. 2006;27:1–93. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2005.07.008 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Gurib-Fakim A. Medicinal plants: traditions of yesterday and drugs of tomorrow. Mol Aspects Med. 2006;27:1–93. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2005.07.008 - DOI - PubMed

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Progress of Plant Medicine Derived Extracts and Alkaloids on Modulating Viral Infections and Inflammation

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Progress of Plant Medicine Derived Extracts and Alkaloids on Modulating Viral Infections and Inflammation

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