Effort-dependent effects on uniform and diverse muscle activity features in skilled pitching

Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 15;11(1):8211. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87614-z.

Abstract

How do skilled players change their motion patterns depending on motion effort? Pitchers commonly accelerate wrist and elbow joint rotations via proximal joint motions. Contrastingly, they show individually different pitching motions, such as in wind-up or follow-through. Despite the generality of the uniform and diverse features, effort-dependent effects on these features are unclear. Here, we reveal the effort dependence based on muscle activity data in natural three-dimensional pitching performed by skilled players. We extract motor modules and their effort dependence from the muscle activity data via tensor decomposition. Then, we reveal the unknown relations among motor modules, common features, unique features, and effort dependence. The current study clarifies that common features are obvious in distinguishing between low and high effort and that unique features are evident in differentiating high and highest efforts.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acceleration
  • Adult
  • Athletes
  • Baseball / physiology*
  • Biomechanical Phenomena / physiology
  • Elbow Joint / physiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Motor Activity / physiology*
  • Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena*
  • Physical Exertion / physiology*
  • Range of Motion, Articular / physiology
  • Shoulder Joint / physiology
  • Wrist Joint / physiology
  • Young Adult