A novel application of delayed-type hipersensitivity reaction to measure cellular immune response in SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals

Clin Immunol. 2021 May:226:108730. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108730. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Abstract

Objective: To understand the anti-virus adaptive immune response occurring during SARS-Cov-2 infection is necessary to have methods to investigate cellular and humoral components. The goal of this study has been to investigate the utility of a specific spike-DTH test using a coronavirus recombinant protein in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: DTH studies were performed by intradermal injection of a commercial recombinant spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 along with conventional serology studies.

Results: Fifty-one COVID-19 patients were studied showing 84,3% of concordance with spike-DTH and anti-RBD-IgG. Spike-DTH was superior to identify seven more COVID-19 individuals. A high specificity was found with no positive spike DTH reactions in the non-sick individuals. The skin test also showed more stable results over time while specific anti-RBD-IgG decreased gradually. Clinical severity groups also showed a progressive gradient of larger positive spike-DTH.

Conclusion: Specific spike DTH test seems to be an easy method to study cell immune response.

Keywords: COVID-19; Cell response; DTH; Delayed-type hypersensitivity; Humoral response; SARS-cov2; Skin test; T-cell response.

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • COVID-19 / immunology*
  • COVID-19 Serological Testing / methods*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypersensitivity, Delayed / immunology*
  • Immunity, Cellular
  • Immunoglobulin G / blood
  • Injections, Intradermal
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Protein Domains
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • SARS-CoV-2 / genetics
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / immunology*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  • spike protein, SARS-CoV-2