Nano-encapsulated Iron and Folic Acid-Fortified Functional Yogurt Enhance Anemia in Albino Rats

Amira M G Darwish; Tarek N Soliman; Hassan A Elhendy; Wedad M El-Kholy

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.654624

Nano-encapsulated Iron and Folic Acid-Fortified Functional Yogurt Enhance Anemia in Albino Rats

Front Nutr. 2021 Apr 7:8:654624. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.654624. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Amira M G Darwish¹, Tarek N Soliman², Hassan A Elhendy³, Wedad M El-Kholy⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt.
² Food Industries and Nutrition Research Division, Department of Dairy, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
³ Home Economics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Dairy Technology Research, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major health concern in developing countries, and these see an increased incidence in pregnant women and children in particular. The contribution of dairy products as natural products in drug delivery approaches is inspiring. This study aimed to analyze the application of iron (Fe) and folic acid (FA) bovine serum albumin-nanoparticles (BSA-NPs) as anti-anemic pharmacological agents that fortify stirred functional yogurt (SFY), comparing these with a plain control and SFY fortified with Fe and FA in free forms. The physicochemical, cytotoxicity, microbiological, viscosity, oxidative interactions, microstructural, sensorial analyses, and bioavailability properties of IDA-induced Albino rats were examined. The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Zetasizer, and Scan Electron Microscope (SEM) were applied. Nanocapsule-fortified SFY showed an enhanced apparent viscosity, water-holding capacity, microstructure, least lipid oxidation, and overall sensorial acceptability. Feed that included Fe + FA nanocapsule-fortified SFY (G6) succeeded in restoring hemoglobin (16.53 gdL^-1), iron (109.25 μgdL^-1), ferritin (33.25 μgdL^-1), and total protein (8.6 gdL^-1) at the end of the 4-week feeding period, with significant competition revealed in calcium and zinc absorbance. Nanocapsule-fortified SFY showed no adverse effects or architectural alterations in the liver, kidney, or spleen, as indicated by biochemical and histological examinations. Bovine serum albumin-nanoparticles (BSA-NPs) of iron (Fe) and folic acid (FA) can be recommended as anti-anemia supplements in different functional food applications.

Keywords: anti-anemia; bioavailability; food supplements; nano-encapsulated Fe and FA; natural products; stirred functional yogurt.