Crossing mesh tails in the Lichtenstein repair method for medial (direct) inguinal hernia: recurrence and chronic pain rates after five years

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether crossing of the mesh's lateral tails is beneficial in Lichtenstein repairs for medial (direct) inguinal hernias.

Methods: We allocated 116 patients with unilateral medial (direct) inguinal hernias into two groups: mesh tail crossing (group C) or no mesh tail crossing (group N). In group C, the lateral tails were sutured together at the inguinal ligament, whereas the lateral tails were sutured in a parallel position in group N. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were postoperatively recorded in person at the 1st, 7th, 30th, and 90th days and at the 1st year. The Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores were calculated postoperatively at one month and one year. Examinations to detect hernia recurrence were performed at the end of the 1st year. Follow-ups at the 5th year were performed via phone calls to obtain the Sheffield pain scale and VAS values and to determine the possibility of hernia recurrence.

Results: VAS and SF-36 scores at the 1st, 7th, 30th, and 90th days and 1st year were all higher in group C than in group N. In group C, one patient experienced moderate pain, and one experienced severe pain. In the 5th year, VAS and Sheffield pain scores were significantly higher in group C than in group N.

Conclusions: During Lichtenstein repair for medial (direct) inguinal hernias, crossing of the mesh tails may increase the frequency of postoperative chronic inguinal pain.

Keywords: Inguinal hernia; Lichtenstein repair; Mesh; Postoperative chronic pain; Recurrence.