Color Stability and Surface Properties of PMMA/ZrO2 Nanocomposite Denture Base Material after Using Denture Cleanser

Mohammed M Gad; Reem Abualsaud; Shaimaa M Fouda; Ahmed Rahoma; Ahmad M Al-Thobity; Soban Q Khan; Sultan Akhtar; Khalid S Al-Abidi; Mohamed S Ali; Fahad A Al-Harbi

doi:10.1155/2021/6668577

Color Stability and Surface Properties of PMMA/ZrO₂ Nanocomposite Denture Base Material after Using Denture Cleanser

Int J Biomater. 2021 Apr 7:2021:6668577. doi: 10.1155/2021/6668577. eCollection 2021.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate denture cleanser effects on color stability, surface roughness, and hardness of PMMA denture base resin reinforced with nano-ZrO₂.

Materials and methods: A total of 420 specimens were fabricated of unreinforced and nano-ZrO₂ reinforced acrylic resin at 2.5% and 5%, resulting in 3 main groups. These groups were further subdivided (n = 10) according to immersion solution (distilled water, Corega, sodium hypochlorite, and Renew) and immersion duration. Surface roughness, hardness, and color were measured at baseline (2 days-T ₀) in distilled water and then after 180 and 365 days of immersion (T ₁ & T ₂) in water or denture cleansing solutions. Data was collected and analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (α = 0.05).

Results: Surface roughness increased significantly after denture cleanser immersion of unmodified and nano-ZrO₂-modified PMMA materials while hardness decreased (P < 0.001). The denture cleansers significantly affected the color of both PMMA denture bases (P < 0.001). The immersion time in denture cleansers significantly affected all tested properties (P < 0.001). Within denture cleansers, NaOCl showed the highest adverse effects (P < 0.05) while Renew showed the least adverse effects.

Conclusion: Denture cleansers can significantly result in color change and alter the surface roughness and hardness of denture base resin even with ZrO₂ nanoparticles addition. Therefore, they should be carefully used.