Confidence, ability to meet return to sport criteria, and second ACL injury risk associations after ACL-reconstruction

Abstract

This study tested the hypotheses that participants with high knee-related confidence at the time of return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) would have a greater likelihood of meeting RTS criteria and would have a higher likelihood of second ACL injury. Participants completed RTS testing when cleared to RTS. Success was defined as an IKDC score more than or equal to 90 and all limb symmetry index (LSI) scores more than or equal to 90%. Confidence groups were created based on response to the KOOS Quality of Life subscale. Incidence of second ACL injury was tracked for 24 months after RTS. Associations among confidence, success in meeting RTS criteria, and second ACL injury were evaluated. At RTS, 37.7% were classified with high knee-related confidence, 26.4% met RTS criteria and 22.0% sustained a second ACL injury post-RTS. A higher proportion of confident participants met all RTS criteria (p = 0.001). Confident participants were over two times more likely to suffer a second ACL injury (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.21-5.20) (p = 0.02) and participants who were both confident and met all RTS criteria were 10 times more likely to suffer a second ACL injury (OR = 9.6; 95% CI:1.1, 84.2) (p = 0.02) than those who passed all RTS criteria but lacked knee-related confidence. Clinical significance: Confident, young athletes at the time of RTS after ACLR are more likely to meet all RTS criteria and more likely to sustain a second ACL injury after RTS. Future work must consider how the inclusion of additional factors into RTS criteria may better identify those at high risk for poor outcome after ACLR.

Keywords: ACL reconstruction; knee-related confidence; return to sport; second ACL Injury.