A call for Rigor and standardization in plant extracellular vesicle research

doi:10.1002/jev2.12048

. 2021 Apr;10(6):e12048.

doi: 10.1002/jev2.12048. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

A call for Rigor and standardization in plant extracellular vesicle research

Marcela Pinedo¹, Laura de la Canal¹, Carine de Marcos Lousa^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET Funes Mar del Plata Argentina.
² Centre for Biomedical Sciences Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK.
³ Centre for Plant Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK.

PMID: 33936567
PMCID: PMC8077130
DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12048

Free PMC article

A call for Rigor and standardization in plant extracellular vesicle research

Marcela Pinedo et al. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021 Apr.

Free PMC article

. 2021 Apr;10(6):e12048.

doi: 10.1002/jev2.12048. Epub 2021 Apr 27.

Authors

Marcela Pinedo¹, Laura de la Canal¹, Carine de Marcos Lousa^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET Funes Mar del Plata Argentina.
² Centre for Biomedical Sciences Leeds Beckett University Leeds UK.
³ Centre for Plant Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK.

PMID: 33936567
PMCID: PMC8077130
DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12048

No abstract available

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Figures

**FIGURE 1**
Representation of Plant EV and PDNV isolation procedures. Recovery of apoplastic extracellular fluids is compared with soft tissue rupture. For simplicity, only two types of putative EVs are shown: ectosome‐types (derived from plasma membrane) or exosome‐types (derived from MVBs originating from the Golgi). After differential ultracentrifugation, purification from apoplastic fluids will lead to the purification of natural EVs (exosomes, ectosomes….etc). In contrast, the use of soft tissue rupture will result in “artificial” plant derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) which will contain EVs mixed with intracellular organelle debris such as mitochondria (red), chloroplasts (dark green), ER (yellow), and so forth.

**FIGURE 2**
Protein families frequently recovered in Plant EVs. Proteomes of *A. thaliana*, Sunflower, Olive and *N. benthamiana* were compared to retrieve common identities and represent them in a Venn diagram. In red, proteins that are shared between the four proteomes.

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References

1. An, Q. , Hückelhoven, R. , Kogel, K.‐H. , & van Bel, A. J. E. (2006). Multivesicular bodies participate in a cell wall‐associated defence response in barley leaves attacked by the pathogenic powdery mildew fungus. Cellular Microbiology, 8, 1009–1019. - PubMed
1. Baldrich, P. , Rutter, B. D. , Karimi, H. Z. , Podicheti, R. , Meyers, B. C. , & Innes, R. W. (2019). Plant extracellular vesicles contain diverse small RNA species and are enriched in 10‐ to 17‐nucleotide “Tiny” RNAs. Plant Cell, 31, 315–324. - PMC - PubMed
1. Cai, Q. , Qiao, L. , Wang, M. , He, B. , Lin, F.‐M. , Palmquist, J. , Huang, S‐Da , & Jin, H. (2018). Plants send small RNAs in extracellular vesicles to fungal pathogen to silence virulence genes. Science, 360, 1126–1129. - PMC - PubMed
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1. Childers, D. S. , Avelar, G. M. , Bain, J. M. , Larcombe, D. E. , Pradhan, A. , Budge, S. , Heaney, H. , & Brown, A. J. P. (2020). Impact of the Environment upon the Candida albicans Cell Wall and Resultant Effects upon Immune Surveillance. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol., 425, 297–330). Springer. - PubMed

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[1] An, Q. , Hückelhoven, R. , Kogel, K.‐H. , & van Bel, A. J. E. (2006). Multivesicular bodies participate in a cell wall‐associated defence response in barley leaves attacked by the pathogenic powdery mildew fungus. Cellular Microbiology, 8, 1009–1019. - PubMed

[2] An, Q. , Hückelhoven, R. , Kogel, K.‐H. , & van Bel, A. J. E. (2006). Multivesicular bodies participate in a cell wall‐associated defence response in barley leaves attacked by the pathogenic powdery mildew fungus. Cellular Microbiology, 8, 1009–1019. - PubMed

[3] Baldrich, P. , Rutter, B. D. , Karimi, H. Z. , Podicheti, R. , Meyers, B. C. , & Innes, R. W. (2019). Plant extracellular vesicles contain diverse small RNA species and are enriched in 10‐ to 17‐nucleotide “Tiny” RNAs. Plant Cell, 31, 315–324. - PMC - PubMed

[4] Baldrich, P. , Rutter, B. D. , Karimi, H. Z. , Podicheti, R. , Meyers, B. C. , & Innes, R. W. (2019). Plant extracellular vesicles contain diverse small RNA species and are enriched in 10‐ to 17‐nucleotide “Tiny” RNAs. Plant Cell, 31, 315–324. - PMC - PubMed

[5] Cai, Q. , Qiao, L. , Wang, M. , He, B. , Lin, F.‐M. , Palmquist, J. , Huang, S‐Da , & Jin, H. (2018). Plants send small RNAs in extracellular vesicles to fungal pathogen to silence virulence genes. Science, 360, 1126–1129. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Cai, Q. , Qiao, L. , Wang, M. , He, B. , Lin, F.‐M. , Palmquist, J. , Huang, S‐Da , & Jin, H. (2018). Plants send small RNAs in extracellular vesicles to fungal pathogen to silence virulence genes. Science, 360, 1126–1129. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Campbell, K. (2020). Do the microRNAs we eat affect gene expression? Nature, 582, S10–S11.

[8] Campbell, K. (2020). Do the microRNAs we eat affect gene expression? Nature, 582, S10–S11.

[9] Childers, D. S. , Avelar, G. M. , Bain, J. M. , Larcombe, D. E. , Pradhan, A. , Budge, S. , Heaney, H. , & Brown, A. J. P. (2020). Impact of the Environment upon the Candida albicans Cell Wall and Resultant Effects upon Immune Surveillance. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol., 425, 297–330). Springer. - PubMed

[10] Childers, D. S. , Avelar, G. M. , Bain, J. M. , Larcombe, D. E. , Pradhan, A. , Budge, S. , Heaney, H. , & Brown, A. J. P. (2020). Impact of the Environment upon the Candida albicans Cell Wall and Resultant Effects upon Immune Surveillance. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol., 425, 297–330). Springer. - PubMed

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A call for Rigor and standardization in plant extracellular vesicle research

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A call for Rigor and standardization in plant extracellular vesicle research

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