Streptococcus suis serotyping by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

PLoS One. 2021 May 4;16(5):e0249682. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249682. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Streptococcus suis, particularly S. suis serotype 2 (SS2), is an important zoonotic pathogen causing meningitis in humans worldwide. Although the proper classification of the causative and pathogenic serotype is salutary for the clinical diagnosis, cross-reactions leading to the indistinguishability of serotypes by the current serotyping methods are significant limitations. In the present study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis of extracted peptides was developed to improve the classification of serotype of S. suis. The peptide mass fingerprint (PMFs) database of S. suis was generated from the whole-cell peptides of 32 reference strains of S. suis isolates obtained from pigs. Thirty-two human S. suis isolates from clinical cases in Thailand were used to validate this alternative serotyping method in direct comparison to the multiplex (m)PCR approach. All reference strains, representing 32 serotypes of S. suis, exhibited their individual PMFs patterns, thus allowing differentiation from one another. Highly pathogenic SS2 and SS14 were clearly differentiated from the otherwise serologically closely related SS1/2 and SS1, respectively. The developed MALDI-TOF-MS serotyping method correctly classified the serotype in 68.8% (22/32) of the same serotype isolates generated from the PMFs database; while the validity for the clinical human isolates was 62.5% (20/32). The agreement between the MALDI-TOF-MS and mPCR serotyping was moderate with a Kappa score of 0.522, considering that mPCR could correctly serotype up to 75%. The present study demonstrated that PMFs from the developed MALDI-TOF-MS-based method could successfully discriminate the previously indistinguishable highly pathogenic SS2 and SS14 from SS1/2 and SS1, respectively. Moreover, this serotyping method distinguished pathogenic SS6, and so is an alternative approach of choice to rapidly and reliably serotype clinically pathogenic S. suis isolates.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Serotyping / methods*
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / methods*
  • Streptococcus suis / classification*

Grants and funding

This study was supported by The 100th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund for Doctoral Scholarship; The 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Fund (Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund); The Scholarship from the Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University to commemorate the 72nd anniversary of his Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej; The Agricultural Research Development Agency (Public Organization).