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. 2021 Oct;75(10):e14328.
doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14328. Epub 2021 Aug 11.

Does hospitalisation of a patient in the intensive care unit cause anxiety and does restriction of visiting cause depression for the relatives of these patients during COVID-19 pandemic?

Behiye Deniz Kosovali  1 , Nevzat Mehmet Mutlu  1 , Canan Cam Gonen  1 , Tulay Tuncer Peker  1 , Asiye Yavuz  1 , Ozlem Balkiz Soyal  2 , Esra Cakır  1 , Belgin Akan  1 , Derya Gokcinar  1 , Deniz Erdem  1 , Isıl Ozkocak Turan  1
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Does hospitalisation of a patient in the intensive care unit cause anxiety and does restriction of visiting cause depression for the relatives of these patients during COVID-19 pandemic?

Behiye Deniz Kosovali et al. Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Oct.

Abstract

Objectives: During the pandemic, anxiety and depression may occur increasingly in the whole society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cause, incidence and levels of anxiety and depression in the relatives of the patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) in accordance with the patients' SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result.

Materials and method: The study was prospectively conducted on relatives of patients admitted to tertiary intensive care units during COVID-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients and their relatives were recorded. "The Turkish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale" was applied twice to the relatives of 120 patients to determine the symptoms of anxiety and depression in accordance with the PCR results of the patients (PCR positive n = 60, PCR negative n = 60).

Results: The ratios above cut-off values for anxiety and depression among relatives of the patients were 45.8% and 67.5% for the first questionnaire and 46.7% and 62.5% for the second questionnaire, respectively. The anxiety and depression in the relatives of PCR-positive patients was more frequent than the PCR negative (P < .001 for HADS-A and P = .034 for HADS-D). The prevalence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher in female relatives (P = .046 for HADS-A and P = .009 for HADS-A). There was no significant correlation between HADS and age of the patient or education of the participants. The fact that the patients were hospitalised in the ICU during the pandemic was an independent risk factor for anxiety (AUC = 0.746) while restricted visitation in the ICU was an independent risk factor for depression (AUC = 0.703).

Conclusion: Positive PCR and female gender were associated with both anxiety and depression while hospitalisation in the ICU due to COVID-19 was an independent risk factor for anxiety and restricted visitation in the ICU is an independent risk factor for depression.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Receiver operating characteristic curve for the model predicting anxiety AUC:0.746
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Receiver operating characteristic curve for model predicting depression
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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