Early stages of the acute physical stress response increase loss aversion and learning on decision making: A Bayesian approach

Abstract

When the cortisol peak is reached after a stressor people learn slower and make worse decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). However, the effects of the early stress response have not received as much attention. Since physical exercise is an important neuroendocrine stressor, this study aimed to fill this gap using an acute physical stressor. We hypothesized that this stress stage would promote an alertness that may increase feedback-sensitivity and, therefore, reward-learning during IGT, leading to a greater overall decision-making. 90 participants were divided into two groups: 47 were exposed to an acute intense physical stressor (cycloergometer) and 43 to a distractor 5 min before IGT. The Prospect Valence-Learning (PVL) computational model was applied to the IGT to investigate decision-making components (feedback-sensitivity, loss aversion, learning and choice consistency). There were no differences in the overall IGT performance, but physically stressed participants showed greater loss aversion and higher learning than controls. In addition, this loss aversion was linearly related to the learning and the choice consistency. These results would support the potentially beneficial role that early stages of stress could play in decision-making and suggest the need of studying the components that underlie this cognitive skill, rather than addressing it as a single dimension.

Keywords: Computational model; Decision-making; Loss aversion; Reward-learning; Stress; Vigorous physical activity.