Comparison Between Hip Arthroscopic Surgery and Periacetabular Osteotomy for the Treatment of Patients With Borderline Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Systematic Review

Yoichi Murata; Naomasa Fukase; Maitland Martin; Rui Soares; Lauren Pierpoint; Grant J Dornan; Soshi Uchida; Marc J Philippon

doi:10.1177/23259671211007401

Comparison Between Hip Arthroscopic Surgery and Periacetabular Osteotomy for the Treatment of Patients With Borderline Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Systematic Review

Orthop J Sports Med. 2021 May 4;9(5):23259671211007401. doi: 10.1177/23259671211007401. eCollection 2021 May.

Authors

Yoichi Murata¹, Naomasa Fukase¹, Maitland Martin¹, Rui Soares¹, Lauren Pierpoint¹, Grant J Dornan¹, Soshi Uchida², Marc J Philippon¹

Affiliations

¹ Steadman Philippon Research Institute and The Steadman Clinic, Vail, Colorado, USA.
² Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Wakamatsu Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan.

Abstract

Background: The treatment for borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) has historically been arthroscopic surgery or periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). As orthopaedic surgery is constantly evolving, a lack of comparison of outcomes for these 2 treatment methods could potentially be stalling the progression of treatment for patients with BDDH.

Purpose: To evaluate the existing literature on patient characteristics, procedures, clinical outcomes, and failure rates for patients with BDDH and to determine whether PAO or hip arthroscopic surgery is a better treatment method for patients with BDDH.

Study design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods: Studies included were found using the following search words: "hip" and "borderline dysplasia," "osteotomy" or "arthroscopy," and "outcome" or "procedure." Articles were included if they detailed participants of all sexes and ages, reported on isolated hips, and had patients diagnosed with BDDH.

Results: A search was conducted across 3 databases, resulting in 469 articles for consideration, from which 12 total studies (10 on arthroscopic surgery and 2 on PAO) were chosen for a review. There were 6 studies that included patients with a lateral center-edge angle of 18° to 25°, while the remainder included patients with a lateral center-edge angle of 20° to 25°. All the studies reviewing arthroscopic surgery reported concomitant/accessory procedures, while the articles on the topic of PAO did not. It was determined that, whether treated using arthroscopic surgery or PAO, outcomes improved across all patient-reported outcome measures. Revision surgery was also common in both procedures.

Conclusion: There is a lack of consensus in the literature on the best treatment option for patients with BDDH. Preoperative patient characteristics and concomitant injuries should be considered when evaluating which surgical procedure will result in the most favorable outcomes.

Keywords: borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH); hip arthroscopic surgery; periacetabular osteotomy (PAO); systematic review.

Publication types

Review