Stromal-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Suppress Proliferation of Bone Metastatic Cancer Cells Mediated by ERK2

Mol Cancer Res. 2021 Oct;19(10):1763-1777. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0981. Epub 2021 May 21.

Abstract

Bone is a common site of cancer metastasis, including cancers such as breast, prostate, and multiple myeloma. Disseminated tumor cells (DTC) shed from a primary tumor may travel to bone and can survive undetected for years before proliferating to form overt metastatic lesions. This period of time can be defined as metastatic latency. Once in the metastatic microenvironment, DTCs engage in intercellular communication with surrounding stromal cells, which can influence cancer cell survival, proliferation, and ultimately disease progression. The role of the surrounding tumor microenvironment in regulating DTC fate is becoming increasingly recognized. We have previously shown that in the bone microenvironment, osteoblasts are "educated" by interactions with breast cancer cells, and these "educated" osteoblasts (EO) produce soluble factors that regulate cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we provide evidence indicating that EOs produce small extracellular vesicles (sEV) that suppress breast cancer proliferation, in part through regulation of ERK1/2 signaling. In addition, using EdU-incorporation assays and propidium iodide staining we demonstrate that exposure to EO-derived sEVs decreases breast cancer cell entry to S-phase of cell cycle. We also have evidence that particular microRNAs, including miR-148a-3p, are enriched in EO-derived sEVs, and that miR-148a-3p is capable of regulating breast cancer proliferation. IMPLICATIONS: These findings underscore the importance of sEV-mediated communication in the earlier stages of cancer progression, and suggest that EO-derived sEVs may be one mechanism by which the bone microenvironment suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • 3T3 Cells
  • Animals
  • Bone Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Bone Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Bone and Bones / metabolism
  • Bone and Bones / pathology
  • Breast / metabolism
  • Breast / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Cell Communication / physiology
  • Cell Cycle / physiology
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / physiology*
  • Cell Survival / physiology
  • Extracellular Vesicles / metabolism*
  • Extracellular Vesicles / pathology*
  • Female
  • Mice
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / metabolism*
  • Multiple Myeloma / metabolism
  • Multiple Myeloma / pathology
  • Osteoblasts / metabolism
  • Osteoblasts / pathology
  • Tumor Microenvironment / physiology

Substances

  • Mapk1 protein, mouse
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1