Sagittal Jaw Relationship of Different Types of Cleft and Non-cleft Individuals

Mohammad Khursheed Alam; Ahmed Ali Alfawzan; Sanjida Haque; Pooi Ling Mok; Anand Marya; Adith Venugopal; Nafij Bin Jamayet; Ammar A Siddiqui

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.651951

Sagittal Jaw Relationship of Different Types of Cleft and Non-cleft Individuals

Front Pediatr. 2021 May 5:9:651951. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.651951. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Mohammad Khursheed Alam¹, Ahmed Ali Alfawzan², Sanjida Haque³, Pooi Ling Mok^{4

5}, Anand Marya⁶, Adith Venugopal⁷, Nafij Bin Jamayet⁸, Ammar A Siddiqui⁹

Affiliations

¹ Orthodontic Division, Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
² Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia.
³ Queens Hospital (pvt) Limited, Jashore, Bangladesh.
⁴ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
⁶ Section of Orthodontics, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
⁷ Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
⁸ Division of Clinical Dentistry (Prosthodontics), School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁹ Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan.

Abstract

To investigate whether the craniofacial sagittal jaw relationship in patients with non-syndromic cleft differed from non-cleft (NC) individuals by artificial intelligence (A.I.)-driven lateral cephalometric (Late. Ceph.) analysis. The study group comprised 123 subjects with different types of clefts including 29 = BCLP (bilateral cleft lip and palate), 41 = UCLP (unilateral cleft lip and palate), 9 = UCLA (unilateral cleft lip and alveolus), 13 = UCL (unilateral cleft lip) and NC = 31. The mean age was 14.77 years. SNA, SNB, ANB angle and Wits appraisal was measured in lateral cephalogram using a new innovative A.I driven Webceph software. Two-way ANOVA and multiple-comparison statistics tests were applied to see the differences between gender and among different types of clefts vs. NC individuals. A significant decrease (p < 0.005) in SNA, ANB, Wits appraisal was observed in different types of clefts vs. NC individuals. SNB (p > 0.005) showed insignificant variables in relation to type of clefts. No significant difference was also found in terms of gender in relation to any type of clefts and NC group. The present study advocates a decrease in sagittal development (SNA, ANB and Wits appraisal) in different types of cleft compared to NC individuals.

Keywords: ANB angle; SNA angle; SNB angle; artificial intelligence; cephalometric analysis; cleft lip and palate; sagittal jaw relationship; wits appraisal.