Objective: To explore the clinicopathological and prognostic features of young onset patients with middle-low rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). Methods: After NCRT, a total of 441 patients with primary middle-low rectal cancer treated with radical surgery at the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CHCAMS) from January 2004 to December 2016 were included. According to the age of disease onset, the patients were divided into the young group (51cases) and the middle-old group (390 cases), and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival of these patients were analyzed. Results: In the young group, 68.6% of patients received radical surgery within 7 weeks after NCRT, which was higher than 52.8% in the middle-old group (P=0.047). The stage ypTNM Ⅲ in the young group was 51.0%, higher than 34.1% in the middle-old group (P=0.027). The stage ypN+ in the young group was 51.0%, higher than 34.1% in the middle-old group (P=0.047), The incidence of disease progression in the young group was 39.2%, higher than 25.1% in the middle-old group (P=0.049). The incidence of distant metastasis in the young group was 35.3%, higher than 21.5% in the middle-old group(P=0.044). Most cases of disease progression occurred in the first 3 years after surgery for the young group, especially in the second year after surgery, the incidence of disease progression in the young group was 55.0%, higher than 26.5% in middle-old group (P=0.025). The 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for the young group were 63.7% and 58.2%, lower than 81.0% and 74.3% in the middle-old group (P=0.016), respectively. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival in the middle-old group (OS) rates for the young group were 85.4% and 69.2%, lower than 93.6% and 84.1% in the middle-old group (P=0.033), respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that, response of primary tumor (HR=4.804, 95% CI: 1.360-16.973) and total number of dissected lymph nodes (HR=4.336, 95% CI: 1.739-10.809) in the young group were independent prognostic factors related to DFS. The total dissected number of lymph nodes(HR=3.295, 95% CI: 1.076-10.091)was an independent prognostic factor related to OS. In the middle-old group, response of primary tumor (HR=2.626, 95% CI: 1.354-5.091), ypTNM stage (ypTNM Ⅲ: HR=5.837, 95% CI: 2.968-11.479) and tumor location distance from the anal verge (HR=0.500, 95% CI: 0.308-0.812) were independent prognostic factors related to DFS. Lymphovascular invasion (HR=0.500, 95% CI: 0.308-0.812) and ypTNM stage (ypTNM Ⅲ: HR=16.322, 95% CI: 5.049-52.771) were independent prognostic factors related to OS. Conclusions: Young onset rectal cancer patients are associated with shorter operation time interval, advanced pathological stage and poorer prognosis. More intensive adjuvant treatment and post-treatment surveillance should be conducted to young onset rectal cancer with NCRT.
目的： 探讨新辅助同步放化疗后青年中低位直肠癌患者的临床病理特征及预后特点。 方法： 新辅助同步放化疗后，于2004年1月至2016年12月在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院接受根治性手术的原发性中低位直肠癌患者441例。根据患者的发病年龄分为青年组(51例)和中老年组(390例)，比较两组患者的临床病理特征及生存情况。 结果： 青年组中68.6%的患者在放疗结束后7周内接受根治性手术，高于中老年组(52.8%，P＝0.047)；青年组ypTNM分期为Ⅲ期患者的比例为51.0%，高于中老年组(34.1%，P＝0.027)；青年组ypN分期为ypN+期患者的比例为51.0%，高于中老年组(34.1%，P＝0.047)。青年组和中老年组的疾病进展发生率分别为39.2%和25.1%，远处转移发生率分别为35.3%和21.5%，青年组均高于中老年组(P值分别为0.049和0.044)。青年组患者疾病进展大多发生在术后前3年内，尤其在术后第2年，青年组患者的疾病进展发生率高于中老年组(分别为55.0%和26.5%，P＝0.025)。青年组患者3、5年无进展生存率分别为63.7%和58.2%，中老年组患者分别为81.0%和74.3%，两组差异有统计学意义(P＝0.016)。青年组患者3、5年总生存率分别为85.4%和69.2%，中老年组患者分别为93.6%和84.1%，两组差异有统计学意义(P＝0.033)。多因素Cox回归分析显示，在青年组中，治疗反应分级(HR＝4.804，95% CI为1.360～16.973)、清扫淋巴结总数(HR＝4.336，95% CI为1.739～10.809)是无进展生存的独立影响因素；清扫淋巴结总数是总生存的独立影响因素(HR＝3.295，95% CI为1.076～10.091)。在中老年组中，治疗反应分级(HR＝2.626, 95% CI为1.354～5.091)、ypTNM分期(Ⅲ期：HR＝5.837，95% CI为2.968～11.479)、肿瘤距肛缘距离(HR＝0.500，95% CI为0.308～0.812)是无进展生存的独立影响因素；脉管瘤栓(HR＝3.040，95% CI为1.368～6.753)、ypTNM分期(Ⅲ期：HR＝16.322，95% CI为5.049～52.771)是总生存的独立影响因素。 结论： 新辅助治疗后青年中低位直肠癌患者手术间隔时间更短，术后病理分期偏晚，预后更差，应加强其术后辅助治疗和随访监测。.
Keywords: Clinicopathologicalfeatures; Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; Prognosis; Rectal neoplasms; Young.