Muscle multiorgan crosstalk with MG53 as a myokine for tissue repair and regeneration

Abstract

Through stress and injury to tissues, the cell membrane is damaged and can lead to cell death and a cascade of inflammatory events. Soluble factors that mitigate and repair membrane injury are important to normal homeostasis and are a potential therapeutic intervention for regenerative medicine. A myokine is a type of naturally occurring factors that come from muscle and have impact on remote organs. MG53, a tripartite motif-containing family protein, is such a myokine which has protective effects on lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, eye, and brain. Three mechanisms of action for the beneficial regenerative medicine potential of MG53 have been identified and consist of 1) repair of acute injury to the cellular membrane, 2) anti-inflammatory effects associated with chronic injuries, and 3) rejuvenation of stem cells for tissue regeneration. As such, MG53 has the potential to be a novel and effective regeneration medicine therapeutic.

Keywords: Cell membrane repair; MG53; Myokine; Regenerative medicine; TRIM protein.

Figure 1

MG53 is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and circulates in the blood stream. As a myokine, MG53 has benefits on protection against injury to multiple organs, including heart, lung, kidney, liver, brain, cornea, and skin. In addition to facilitating tissue repair, MG53 has anti-inflammation function to preserve organ function under chronic injury conditions. Moreover, MG53 can preserve stem cells to improve the regenerative capacity of multiple tissues.