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. 2021 Jul:26:104260.
doi: 10.1016/j.rinp.2021.104260. Epub 2021 May 21.

SARS-CoV-2 infection with lytic and non-lytic immune responses: A fractional order optimal control theoretical study

Amar Nath Chatterjee  1 , Fahad Al Basir  2 , Muqrin A Almuqrin  3 , Jayanta Mondal  4 , Ilyas Khan  5
Affiliations

SARS-CoV-2 infection with lytic and non-lytic immune responses: A fractional order optimal control theoretical study

Amar Nath Chatterjee et al. Results Phys. 2021 Jul.

Abstract

In this research article, we establish a fractional-order mathematical model to explore the infections of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. We introduce a set of fractional differential equations taking uninfected epithelial cells, infected epithelial cells, SARS-CoV-2 virus, and CTL response cell accounting for the lytic and non-lytic effects of immune responses. We also include the effect of a commonly used antiviral drug in COVID-19 treatment in an optimal control-theoretic approach. The stability of the equilibria of the fractional ordered system using qualitative theory. Numerical simulations are presented using an iterative scheme in Matlab in support of the analytical results.

Keywords: Fractional calculus; Lytic and nonlytic effect; Mathematical model; Optimal control; SARS-CoV-2.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Transmission dynamics of COVID-19 within the host of the mathematical model (5).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The system trajectories (7) varies with η. Other parameters are taken from Table 1.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The system trajectories (7) for different value of p with the set of parameters as in Table 1.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The system trajectories (7) varies with q with the parameters values from Table 1.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Numerical solution of FOCP.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Optimal control profile of control variables.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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